{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:33:32Z","timestamp":1785411212256,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Academic Research Fund","award":["Tier 2 (A-8000117-01-00)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier 2 (A-8000117-01-00)"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund","award":["Tier 1 (R-397-000-334-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier 1 (R-397-000-334-114"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund","award":["R-397-000-371-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-397-000-371-114"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund","award":["R-397-000-378-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-397-000-378-114"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Merlion Fund","award":["R-397-000-356-133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-397-000-356-133"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R397-000-384-213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R397-000-384-213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report on the development of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, coaxial double-clad-fiber (DCF) and graded-index (GRIN) fiberoptic Raman probe for enhancing epithelial tissue Raman measurements\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The ultra-thin (140 \u00b5m outer diameter) DCF-GRIN fiberoptic Raman probe is designed and fabricated with an efficient coaxial optical configuration, whereby a GRIN fiber is spliced onto the DCF to enhance both the excitation\/collection efficiency and depth-resolved selectivity. We demonstrate that the DCF-GRIN Raman probe can be used to acquire high-quality\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    Raman spectra from various oral tissues (e.g., buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, gingiva, mouth floor, palate, and tongue) covering both the fingerprint (800\u20131800 cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and high-wavenumber (2800\u20133600\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) regions within sub-seconds. The subtle biochemical differences between different epithelial tissues in the oral cavity can also be detected with high sensitivity, suggesting the potential of the DCF-GRIN fiberoptic Raman probe for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    diagnosis and characterization in epithelial tissue.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.474464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T16:00:26Z","timestamp":1666281626000},"page":"5989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a coaxial DCF-GRIN fiberoptic Raman probe for enhancing in vivo epithelial tissue Raman measurements"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Howard Peng Sin","family":"Heng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-47-22-5989-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11500","volume":"107","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. 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