{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:30:38Z","timestamp":1789093838735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB1800903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1800903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62205067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present a mode multiplexer based on vertical directional couplers that are formed by adiabatic-tapered waveguides. We design and fabricate the device via the micro-fabrication processing to (de)multiplex the E\n                    <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                    , E\n                    <jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and E\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    modes from the few-mode bus waveguide. Our experimental device shows a coupling ratio higher than 98.6% and 97.0% for the E\n                    <jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub>\n                    and E\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    modes, respectively, over the C\u2009+\u2009L band and beyond. The modal cross talk of this device can be lower than \u201317.1\u2005dB, \u201318.4\u2005dB, and \u201315.1\u2005dB caused by the unintended E\n                    <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                    , E\n                    <jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and E\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    modes, respectively. This mode multiplexer can work over a broader wavelength range with weak polarization sensitivity, which could be used in the mode-division-multiplexing systems where mode (de)multiplexing is required in the expanded communication wavelength window other than the C-band.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.480129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T11:01:10Z","timestamp":1673953270000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Three-dimensional mode multiplexer based on adiabatic-tapered waveguides forming vertical directional couplers over C\u2009+\u2009L band and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Quandong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04azbjn80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04azbjn80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04azbjn80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-5281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04azbjn80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-624X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04azbjn80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-48-4-1044-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24190","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.024190","volume":"26","author":"Winzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. 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