{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:14:56Z","timestamp":1785402896802,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore","award":["A-0009502-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-0009502-01-00"]}]},{"name":"National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore","award":["A-8001143-00-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-8001143-00-00"]}]},{"name":"Merlion Fund","award":["R397-000-356-133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R397-000-356-133"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund (AcRF) from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore","award":["A-8000117-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-8000117-01-00"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund (AcRF) from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore","award":["R397-000-334-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R397-000-334-114"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund (AcRF) from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore","award":["R397-000-371-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R397-000-371-114"]}]},{"name":"Academic Research Fund (AcRF) from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore","award":["R397-000-378-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R397-000-378-114"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report on the development of a multi-needle fiberoptic Raman spectroscopy (MNF-RS) technique for simultaneous multi-site deep Raman measurements in brain tissue. The multi-needle fiberoptic Raman probe is designed and fabricated using a number of 100\u2005\u00b5m core diameter, aluminum-coated fibers under a coaxial laser excitation and Raman collection scheme, enabling simultaneous collection of deep tissue Raman spectra from a number of tissue sites. We have also developed a Raman retrieval algorithm based on the transformation matrix of each individual needle fiber probe projected to different pixels of a charge-coupled device (CCD) for recovering the tissue Raman spectra collected by each needle fiber probe, allowing simultaneous multi-channel detection by a single Raman spectrometer. High-quality tissue Raman spectra of different tissue types (e.g., muscle, fat, gray matter, and white matter in porcine brain) can be acquired in both the fingerprint (900\u20131800\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and high-wavenumber (2800\u20133300\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) regions within sub-second times using the MNF-RS technique. We also demonstrate that by advancing the multi-needle fiberoptic Raman probe into deep porcine brain, tissue Raman spectra can be acquired simultaneously from different brain regions (e.g., cortex, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum). The significant biochemical differences across different brain tissues can also be distinguished, suggesting the promising potential of the MNF-RS technique for label-free neuroscience study at the molecular level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.498232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T11:43:57Z","timestamp":1690285437000},"page":"4396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a multi-needle fiberoptic Raman spectroscopy technique for simultaneous multi-site deep tissue Raman measurements in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bocheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.438713","volume":"46","author":"Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. 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Opt."},{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.000758","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.26.001782","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1366\/000370207779947585","volume":"61","author":"Choquette","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20229","volume":"68","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ol-48-16-4396-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0616512","volume":"79","author":"Koljenovi\u0107","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. 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