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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ghost imaging (GI) is a technique for indirectly obtaining object images through the second-order intensity correlation and has been extensively documented. However, it is typically limited to intensity imaging, and phase retrieval requires the introduction of supplementary methods such as interferometers or phase-shifting techniques. Here, a technique is proposed that reconstructs the phase of objects based on the second-order intensity correlation without the supplementary methods. By substituting the zero-mean thermal light in conventional GI with non-zero mean light and employing a point detector to detect the object\u2019s higher-order Fourier spectrum, the second-order intensity correlation generates an off-axis hologram, thereby reconstructing the object\u2019s phase. This technique eliminates the need for additional methods and demonstrates the feasibility of using solely the second-order intensity correlation for phase imaging, which may contribute to advancing the theory and application of GI in phase imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.583403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:00:12Z","timestamp":1768917612000},"page":"1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonzero-mean light off-axis phase imaging based on light intensity correlation"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2380-8915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5182-429X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meigang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"},{"name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-6875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zuogang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haolan","family":"Huangfu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"},{"name":"Chongqing University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-6-1371-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.093903","type":"journal-article","volume":"92","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}