{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:58Z","timestamp":1785409858073,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12127803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12127803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12004196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12004196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2020B0301030009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hyperbolic phonon polaritons offer a unique and powerful platform for enhancing directional light\u2013matter interactions at the nanoscale, benefiting from their long lifetimes and deep subwavelength confinement. In particular, the interaction between free electrons and flat-band-like iso-frequency curves (IFCs) gives rise to strongly enhanced electromagnetic radiation, providing a novel, to the best of our knowledge, route toward compact mid-infrared optical sources without the need for complex nanostructuring. Here, we develop a general theoretical framework to describe free-electron\u2013induced flat-band resonances in a representative graphene\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -MoO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    heterostructure. Specifically, sharp resonances with quality factors around 200 and tunable frequencies spanning a broad mid-infrared range are presented. Furthermore, we showcase their application in vibrational sensing, where strong coupling between the flat-band resonance and molecular vibrational modes is achieved. Our work thus establishes a compact and flexible strategy for tunable mid-infrared light generation and highlights its potential for in-plane sensing applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.588943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:00:10Z","timestamp":1772456410000},"page":"1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tunable free-electron flat-band resonances for in-plane sensing"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Chengjian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Chengjian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-6645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y1kjr75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanxi University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-6-1669-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011303","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0118096","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Roques-Carmes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}