{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1785411404745,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022M713028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M713028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62105275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62105275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    2D optical phased arrays (OPAs) face a fundamental tradeoff between large scale and wide field of view (FOV), as scaling the array requires greater antenna spacings, which constrains the FOV. We report a mode-division multiplexing (MDM) based 2D OPA that simultaneously supports both large-scale design and wide FOV for beam steering. By employing a single waveguide bus and encoding routing information into distinct waveguide modes, the architecture eliminates dense inter-pixel waveguide pathways, thereby reducing spatial footprint and extending the attainable FOV. Our proposed MDM-OPA depicts 11.2\u00b0\u2009\u00d7\u200911.2\u00b0 FOV at\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.55\u2009\u03bcm and supports an array scale of 16\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u221e (theoretically unlimited). Moreover, the simulated maximum insertion loss for all radiating pixels remains below 3\u2009dB across the entire\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    -band. Owing to its high scalability, the proposed design can be further optimized for even larger FOV and array dimensions, making it a promising platform for free-space optical communication and LIDAR applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.590679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1771934409000},"page":"1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mode-division multiplexing enabled 2D optical phased array with large scale and wide field of view"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-8589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Binghui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-9341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caiming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-6-1570-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.3390\/app11094017","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}