{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1785413588466,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2026NSFSC0398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026NSFSC0398"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Accurate object localization is critical for robust autofocus in digital holography (DH). Here, we present a time-reversal (TR) symmetry-enabled autofocus strategy integrated with depth-dependent randomized sparse sampling. Our approach is grounded in the low-rank structure of the TR operator. This inherent property, arising from the dynamical constraints of the wave equation, provides a physical foundation for sparse sampling without compromising subspace separation. By using independent, uniformly distributed test point sets at each axial plane, the method effectively decorrelates sampling-induced clutter and acts as an approximately unbiased Monte Carlo estimator. This analytical, training-free solution preserves the inherent orthogonality of signal and noise subspaces, ensuring high-fidelity localization even at ultra-low sampling rates (e.g., 0.25\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high-resolution autofocus with significant computational savings, paving the way for real-time dynamic autofocus in diverse sensing environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.591504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:00:12Z","timestamp":1776772812000},"page":"2736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autofocus in digital holography with time reversal and depth-dependent sampling"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-950X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edmund","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-8351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qr3zq92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-10-2736-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35078","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.435915","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Javidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}