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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Event-based image sensors provide microsecond temporal resolution but lack spectral discrimination, whereas diffractive spectral imagers encode wavelength information at conventional frame rates. We introduce a fluorescence microscopy architecture that fuses asynchronous event streams with diffraction-encoded CMOS measurements to decouple temporal and spectral sampling. The system achieves ~2.2 \u00b5m spatial resolution over a 0.5\u2009mm field of view and effective temporal resolution down to 10 \u00b5s and differentiates fluorophores whose emission peaks are separated by only 23\u2009nm. By synchronizing and computationally merging both sensing modalities, we enable spectrally resolved tracking capable of reaching 100,000 frames\/s without scanning or filter switching. For the behavioral quantification of\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    presented in this work, we utilized a 100 \u00b5s integration window (10,000 frames\/s) to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio while resolving stimulus-evoked dynamics with sub-millisecond precision. This resolution is more than sufficient to capture the fastest recorded locomotion and response latencies, which occur on timescales of 10 to 100 milliseconds. Applied to live\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the platform resolves blue-light\u2013evoked omega turns and reveals a significant genotype-dependent difference in response latency (0.18\u2009s in wild type vs. 0.88\u2009s in\n                    <jats:italic>unc-101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). These results establish asynchronous\u2013spectral fusion as a general strategy for ultrafast, multiplexed fluorescence microscopy capable of quantifying rapid behavioral dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.599492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:00:10Z","timestamp":1781103610000},"page":"3737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asynchronous\u2013spectral fusion fluorescence microscopy for microsecond-scale behavioral dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0098-3226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard G.","family":"Baird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyden","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-376X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-13-3737-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01308-8","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Cabriel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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