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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A complex spatial light modulator (SLM) based on three-phase covalent\n\t\t\t\t\tmacropixels (3PCMPs) enables the generation of three-dimensional\n\t\t\t\t\tcomputer-generated holograms with inherent suppression of DC and\n\t\t\t\t\tconjugate noise. However, the noise-suppressed complex-field synthesis\n\t\t\t\t\tremains confined to the central viewing zone (VZ), imposing a\n\t\t\t\t\tfundamental limitation on the effective eye-box. We present a design\n\t\t\t\t\tof zone-switching 3PCMP SLM architecture that relocates the domain of\n\t\t\t\t\tnoise-suppressed complex-field synthesis across a 3 \u00d7 3 array of\n\t\t\t\t\taddressable VZs in a pupil-tracked manner. The proposed scheme\n\t\t\t\t\tintegrates a static six-level phase plate with active binary sub-pixel\n\t\t\t\t\tmodulation to steer the complex signal toward the selected VZ while\n\t\t\t\t\tpreserving suppression of DC and conjugate terms. Wave-optics\n\t\t\t\t\tsimulations confirm effective zone switching of the complex signal and\n\t\t\t\t\tshow substantially improved holographic image quality across\n\t\t\t\t\thigher-order VZs, enabling a 3 \u00d7 3 extension of the effective viewing\n\t\t\t\t\tzone. These results support the feasibility of extending the effective\n\t\t\t\t\teye-box in complex holographic displays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.603825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:00:36Z","timestamp":1783339236000},"page":"4135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Active binary sub-pixel modulation of a three-phase macropixel complex spatial light modulator for extending the noise-suppressed eye-box"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sehwan","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047dqcg40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-2792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047dqcg40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4035-7938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myeonggyi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047dqcg40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-5320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shin-Woong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047dqcg40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-8982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hwi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047dqcg40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-15-4135-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2022.009","type":"journal-article","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Light Adv. 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All rights, including\n\t\t\t\t\tfor text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training,\n\t\t\t\t\tand similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}