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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diffractive optical elements have emerged as powerful tools for compact and versatile wavefront manipulation. Binary apertures offer remarkable advantages in fabrication simplicity and broadband compatibility. However, the generation of wavelength-multiplexed diffraction images via a single binary aperture remains challenging. Here, we present an inverse design framework assisted with 3D optimal accumulation algorithm (3D-OAA) to tailor arbitrary 3D wavelength-multiplexed diffraction images via a single binary aperture. Leveraging the intrinsic spectral orthogonality of polychromatic diffraction intensities through a shared binary aperture, our method enables independent and simultaneous wavefront control across multiple wavelengths. As a proof of concept, we achieve the generation of high-quality wavelength-multiplexed diffraction images with fidelity exceeding 0.94 for 2D images and 0.85 for 3D images in simulations. Furthermore, dynamic reconstruction of eight groups of distinct color three-letter words at three planes is achieved via wavelength-selective multiplexing through a single binary aperture. Our work establishes a general methodology for multi-functional diffractive optics and offers promising applications in information coding, data storage, optical encryption, and color display.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.606014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:00:20Z","timestamp":1781784020000},"page":"3842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inverse design of a binary aperture for tailoring wavelength-multiplexed diffraction images"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-192X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min-cheng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9299-2977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Panpan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czkny70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-14-3842-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.539824","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"ol-51-14-3842-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.590256","type":"journal-article","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Opt. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}