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As a result, the maximum tolerable polarization tracking speed under the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    is doubled from 100\u2009rad\/s to 200\u2009rad\/s without upgrading the SiP polarization controller. These results demonstrate that electrical-domain compensation effectively relaxes the requirement on optical tracking speed for PM-IM\/DD transmission in scale-up\/scale-out short-reach optical interconnects for artificial intelligence (AI) data centers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.606293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1784548809000},"page":"4492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["224-Gbit\/s PM-IM\/DD transmission using hybrid optical\u2013electrical polarization tracking with SiP polarization controller"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1006-1727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juntao","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1196-226X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-4186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan Pak Tao","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-1468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kangping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-16-4492-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2956779","type":"journal-article","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}