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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multispectral camouflage technology requires high visible transparency, infrared (IR) camouflage, and broadband microwave stealth. However, integrating the above functions within a single-layered metasurface faces a conflict. The core challenge is that both the IR emission properties and the microwave reflection properties are determined by the material thickness and the structural parameters, which are strongly coupled. Here, rather than avoiding the physical coupling of these responses, we proposed an equivalent circuit model to calculate them. Guided by a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA), we successfully identify optimal metasurface configurations. The resulting single-layered metasurface achieves a high-contrast IR emissivity step of more than 0.25 and the microwave phase difference at the target range. Experimental validations confirm a broadband radar cross-section reduction exceeding 10\u2009dB. Simultaneously, the array generates a pixelated digital IR camouflage effect. This work provides a robust physical paradigm for designing multispectral camouflage metasurfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.607641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:00:13Z","timestamp":1782482413000},"page":"3910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-objective synergistic optimization of multispectral camouflage in a single-layered metasurface"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6331-3546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiju","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minshuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QianTang Advanced Research Institute on Information"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-1730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-14-3910-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205547","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202205547","type":"journal-article","volume":"32","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}