{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:08:09Z","timestamp":1788887289255,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/W029251\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W029251\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0439y7842","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government of Malaysia","award":["JPA(I)000914120878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPA(I)000914120878"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y315f21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015464","name":"European Office of Aerospace Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FA8655-22-1-7006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA8655-22-1-7006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015464","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015464","name":"European Office of Aerospace Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FA8655-25-1-7044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA8655-25-1-7044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015464","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We demonstrate an optimized cascaded\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>(3)<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>(2)<\/jats:sup>\n                    source for picosecond mid-infrared pulse generation at 3.34\u2009\u00b5m. A 1064\u2009nm Yb-fiber master oscillator power amplifier system pumps a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to generate a weak Stokes seed at 1.56\u2009\u00b5m via four-wave mixing (FWM), which, together with residual pump light, pumps and seeds optical parametric amplification (OPA) in an MgO-doped PPLN crystal. We empirically maximize the OPA idler conversion efficiency by performing a systematic cutback of the PCF to optimize the Stokes seed power relative to the residual pump power. The optimum PCF length of 0.15\u2009m has only 0.03% FWM Stokes conversion and generates 98 mW of idler power (196 nJ pulse energy) at 3.34\u2009\u00b5m, with a conversion efficiency of 9.8%. These results show that low-conversion FWM provides an effective self-synchronized seed for compact fiber-pumped mid-infrared parametric sources.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.607779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1786903210000},"page":"5097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mid-infrared optical parametric amplification pumped with a low-conversion fiber four-wave mixing source"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4160-0121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadrahtul Aqilah","family":"Binti Mohd Yahaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-3872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy H.","family":"Runcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9271-470X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonin P. L.","family":"Mignot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-2754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Kudlinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-8374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert T.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013053","type":"journal-article","volume":"5","author":"Amini-Nik","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22937","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.022937","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Franjic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17433","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c02013","type":"journal-article","volume":"97","author":"Simon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R4","author":"Vodopyanov","year":"2020"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11451","DOI":"10.3390\/app112411451","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19558","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.019558","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Linnenbank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6421","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.006421","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.395370","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Smetanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Mater. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.36.004020","type":"journal-article","volume":"36","author":"Neely","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26814","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.026814","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26612","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.026612","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.002953","type":"journal-article","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25275","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.025275","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.28.002225","type":"journal-article","volume":"28","author":"Harvey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15826","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.015826","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16193","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.016193","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Lavoute","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25337","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.025337","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Mosley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.476754","type":"journal-article","volume":"48","author":"Battle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2011.03.042","type":"journal-article","volume":"34","author":"Petrov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5802","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.005802","type":"journal-article","volume":"39","author":"Baudisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.55.001205","type":"journal-article","volume":"55","author":"Malitson","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.000267","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Saitoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-008-2998-2","type":"journal-article","volume":"91","author":"Gayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R25","first-page":"167","author":"Smith","year":"2015"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.537104","type":"journal-article","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3053421","type":"journal-article","volume":"39","author":"Aporta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21010","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.021010","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Baumgartl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11756","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.011756","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Sotor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20807","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.551881","type":"journal-article","volume":"33","author":"Hemmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5097-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Yahaya","year":"2026","DOI":"10.82186\/9grcg-4qd06","type":"dataset"}],"container-title":["Optics Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=ol-51-18-5097&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:31:27Z","timestamp":1788885087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-51-18-5097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/ol.607779","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-9592","1539-4794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-9592","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-4794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.607779","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"letter","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u2019s title, journal citation, and DOI.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}