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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the need for time\u2013frequency analysis (TFA) of broadband microwave signals\u2014and to overcome the reliance of existing schemes on large-bandwidth swept microwave sources\u2014we propose a broadband microwave signal TFA approach based on stabilized period-one (P1) oscillation and recirculating frequency shifting (RFS). By employing a feedback loop, a stable swept optical signal is generated from the stabilized P1 oscillation of a semiconductor laser, and its sweep bandwidth is further extended by an RFS loop to achieve multi-fold bandwidth expansion. To improve system compactness and help reduce relative delay drift, the feedback loop and the RFS loop share a common long fiber. The combined operation produces a broadband swept optical signal, which, through stimulated Brillouin scattering-based frequency-to-time mapping, enables TFA and frequency measurement of broadband microwave signals. 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