{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:16:36Z","timestamp":1791522996868,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62475189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62475189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report controllable two-dimensional (2D) Hermite\u2013Gaussian (HG) lasing in a compact plano-concave cavity by exploiting the intrinsic birefringence of an\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    -cut Nd:YVO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    crystal. The birefringence-induced astigmatism provides modal discrimination against tilted one-dimensional (1D) competitors, allowing axis-aligned HG\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    modes to oscillate under 2D off-axis pumping. By increasing the birefringent crystal length, the output evolves from tilted 1D modes to axis-aligned 2D HG modes. We further show that cavity-length design can enhance the same modal discrimination, enabling 2D HG oscillation in a shortened-cavity configuration. These results verify a simple and compact route to controllable two-index HG lasing without pump shaping or intracavity loss elements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.608918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:00:08Z","timestamp":1783605608000},"page":"4192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Compact-cavity two-dimensional Hermite\u2013Gaussian lasing enabled by birefringence-induced astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jianing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1850-6643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quan","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dechen","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7923-4349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shijie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3105-4370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianquan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-15-4192-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900140","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201900140","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Forbes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ol-51-15-4192-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073001","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8986\/addf5e","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Omatsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}