{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:28:19Z","timestamp":1786375699455,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["115-2221-E-A49-191-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2221-E-A49-191-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["115-2640-E-008-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2640-E-008-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["115-2124-M-A49-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2124-M-A49-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["115-2640-E-008-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2640-E-008-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We demonstrate gallium nitride (GaN) photodetectors with high photoconductive gains enhanced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) self-assembled on a thin n\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -GaN epilayer. Under 370-nm ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the AuNP-decorated device exhibits a 2.4\u00d7 enhancement in photocurrent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      I\n                      <jats:sub>ph<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ), responsivity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and external quantum efficiency (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">EQE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) compared with the pristine device. At 0.45 mW\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    reaches 3.7 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\/W, and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">EQE<\/jats:italic>\n                    reaches 1.2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    %. Transfer length method (TLM) analysis further shows that AuNP decoration reduces the sheet resistance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>sh<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and increases the photogenerated carrier concentration and optical generation rate. The enhancement is attributed to two cooperative effects: hot-electron injection from AuNPs into the n\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -GaN epilayer and AuNP-induced interfacial band bending, which confines photogenerated holes and prolongs the lifetime. This approach provides an effective route toward highly sensitive GaN UV photodetectors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.609681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:00:09Z","timestamp":1784732409000},"page":"4609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gold-nanoparticles-enhanced photoconductive gains and optical generation of GaN epilayer"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yi-Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Hung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Tien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Feng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Inn","family":"Chyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Chung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"name":"Hon Hai Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankush","family":"Bag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-1928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang-Ching","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Central University"},{"name":"Hon Hai Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-16-4609-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.11972\/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.005","type":"journal-article","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}