{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1785942067681,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In ptychography, errors in the sample-to-detector distance disturb the\n\t\t\t\t\tsampling relation and can cause defocused or unstable reconstructions.\n\t\t\t\t\tWe demonstrate a focus-adaptive ptychographic iterative engine\n\t\t\t\t\t(FA-PIE) that refines this distance during reconstruction. In each\n\t\t\t\t\tfocus-update cycle, a complex-valued region of interest from the\n\t\t\t\t\tcurrent object estimate is propagated to candidate axial planes using\n\t\t\t\t\tthe angular-spectrum model, and the best-focused plane is identified\n\t\t\t\t\tby a gradient-based focus response with golden-section search.\n\t\t\t\t\tExperiments on a USAF 1951 resolution target and a rabbit testis\n\t\t\t\t\ttissue section show stable convergence from different initial\n\t\t\t\t\tdistances and improved structural recovery, while FA-PIE achieves a\n\t\t\t\t\tspeedup of more than fourfold over the 1000-iteration z ptychographic\n\t\t\t\t\titerative engine (zPIE) baseline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.610646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:00:10Z","timestamp":1785344410000},"page":"4524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FA-PIE: focus-adaptive ptychographic iterative engine"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8558-4343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve F.","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R1","first-page":"819","author":"Rodenburg","year":"2019"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-017-0072-5","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1063\/PT.3.4835","type":"journal-article","volume":"74","author":"Guizar-Sicairos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Today"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08278-z","type":"journal-article","volume":"637","author":"Miao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2009.05.012","type":"journal-article","volume":"109","author":"Maiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.389492","type":"journal-article","volume":"45","author":"Loetgering","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2022.107136","type":"journal-article","volume":"158","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers\n\t\t\t\t\tEng."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2023.171026","type":"journal-article","volume":"286","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2020.106053","type":"journal-article","volume":"128","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers\n\t\t\t\t\tEng."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2024.108636","type":"journal-article","volume":"184","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers\n\t\t\t\t\tEng."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3579830","type":"journal-article","volume":"74","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans.\n\t\t\t\t\tInstrum. Meas."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16454","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.589595","type":"journal-article","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Opt.\n\t\t\t\t\tExpress"},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.524267","type":"journal-article","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-51-16-4524-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.542293","type":"journal-article","volume":"50","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."}],"container-title":["Optics Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=ol-51-16-4524&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:23:36Z","timestamp":1785939816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-51-16-4524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/ol.610646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-9592","1539-4794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-9592","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-4794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.610646","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"letter","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9\n\t\t\t\t\t\t2026 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPublishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}