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Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We propose and demonstrate what we believe to be a new type of incoherent photonic tensor core for signed multiplication. This structure extends a microring resonator (MR) weightbank by introducing a fixed reference power for differential activation encoding, making both operands differentially defined; the activation is represented by the difference between a fixed reference power and a dynamically modulated power, while the weight is represented by the through\/drop response of an MR. This scheme enables signed multiplication with reduced hardware overhead by sharing each weighting an MR between the two counter-propagating inputs. The trade-offs are signal attenuation and potential reflection sensitivity. We demonstrate this concept using a fabricated silicon photonic integrated circuit containing two thermally tuned MRs, one for each operand of\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00d7\n                    <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lookup tables (LUTs) spanning -1 to +1 are constructed for both operands, and randomly ordered LUT sweeps confirmed signed multiplication with residual error standard deviations of 0.022 for the x-sweep and 0.032 for the w-sweep, both below the nominal 31-level spacing of 0.067.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.610963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:00:09Z","timestamp":1789048809000},"page":"5581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reference-assisted microring weightbank for signed multiplication"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8578-4637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minkyu","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wjejq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wjejq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minsung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wjejq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wjejq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-19-5581-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.93","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}