{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:20:09Z","timestamp":1788456009106,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFE0204700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0204700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52192614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12574083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12574083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Science and Technology Plan","award":["Z251100007125003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z251100007125003"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["26JL006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26JL006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reliable ultraviolet (UV) disinfection requires both effective pathogen disinfection and real-time monitoring of the delivered UV emission. Here, we demonstrate AlGaN-based UV LED-PD integrated arrays for self-monitoring UV disinfection. Two 4 \u00d7 4 integrated arrays with emission wavelengths of 274 and 310\u2009nm were fabricated and evaluated using\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a model microorganism. At a drive current of 1.0\u2009A, the light output powers reached 140.6 mW and 151.1 mW for the 274 and 310\u2009nm-LED arrays, respectively. The two arrays were further assessed for bacterial inactivation under UV doses of 4.40\u201310.10 mJ cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    with an irradiation time of 1\u2009s. The 274\u2009nm-LED arrays achieved a disinfection rate of 98%\u201399%, whereas the 310\u2009nm-LED arrays showed a disinfection rate of 80%\u201395%. As a representative validation of the self-monitoring function, the photocurrent generated by the integrated PD in the 310\u2009nm-LED arrays was linearly correlated with the light output power. These results indicate that AlGaN-based LED-PD integrated arrays can combine UV disinfection with on-chip emission monitoring, providing a route toward more traceable and reliable UV disinfection systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.611148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:00:09Z","timestamp":1787655609000},"page":"5052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["4 \u00d7 4 AlGaN LED-PD integrated arrays for ultraviolet disinfection"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxue","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1479-082X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tongbo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-18-5052-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-025-02238-y","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Kramaric","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ol-51-18-5052-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.07.051","type":"journal-article","volume":"76","author":"Gaudino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}