{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:56:04Z","timestamp":1790888164832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and technology research project of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["KJQN202601403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202601403"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology research project of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["KJQN202301410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202301410"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology research project of Fuling","award":["FLKJ-2024CAG4103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FLKJ-2024CAG4103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In air-to-water (A2W) visible light communication (VLC) systems, supporting real-time mobile communication of the receiver is crucial. However, there have been few reports on A2W VLC systems with real-time mobility capability. In this Letter, we propose a trend differential detection (TDD) method for A2W real-time mobile VLC, which effectively extends the polar angle dynamic range of the traditional symbol differential detection (SDD) method. In the experiments, we achieved A2W real-time mobile communication at 2.0\u2009Mb\/s with a polar angle dynamic range of up to 32\u00b0 under tap water conditions, representing a 1.6-fold improvement compared to the traditional SDD method. In addition, we also demonstrate A2W real-time mobile communication when the average wave height is 8\u2009cm, and the polar angle dynamic range is 20\u00b0, showing that the receiver can move at a speed of 1.0\u2009m\/s while maintaining a bit error rate (BER) below the forward error correction (FEC) threshold at the same time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.614003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1789387210000},"page":"5629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-time air-to-water mobile visible light communication using a trend differential detection method"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0474-8579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiehui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8v7d33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0949-6039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8v7d33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Long","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8v7d33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suihu","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8v7d33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-2042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8v7d33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-51-19-5629-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776178","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2026.1776178","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Chirayath","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}