{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:06:54Z","timestamp":1789164414764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014989","name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023-321173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-321173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qenvm24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014989","name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021-225666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-225666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qenvm24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35GM155424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM155424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35DE029086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35DE029086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Optica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inverse-scattering methods enable label-free, quantitative visualization of a sample\u2019s three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI), providing intrinsic volumetric contrast. Recent advances have demonstrated successful 3D RI reconstructions in multiple-scattering samples using angle-varying illumination; however, these studies have primarily focused on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">non-absorptive<\/jats:italic>\n                    samples. Here, we extend the multi-slice beam propagation (MSBP) inverse-scattering framework to reconstruct\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">complex-valued<\/jats:italic>\n                    RI, encompassing both the sample\u2019s conventional RI (real part) and absorptivity (imaginary part). We show that reconstructing complex-valued RI makes the inverse problem ill-posed under angle-varying illumination alone, and that incorporating measurement diversity from both angle-varying illumination and sample defocus enables stable and accurate convergence. Experimental demonstrations were conducted on (1) dyed microsphere samples to characterize the accuracy of the reconstructed RI and absorptivity and (2) diverse scattering and absorptive bio-samples to demonstrate biological utility. These results represent an important step for label-free volumetric imaging in biological tissue, which typically exhibits\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">both<\/jats:italic>\n                    scattering\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">and<\/jats:italic>\n                    absorption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/optica.599869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:00:07Z","timestamp":1785844807000},"page":"1891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inverse scattering of absorptive samples via beam\u00a0propagation"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6142-0231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hj54h04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5809-3280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeongsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hj54h04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann K.","family":"Eberhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwetadwip","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hj54h04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"optica-13-9-1891-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(69)90052-2","type":"journal-article","volume":"1","author":"Wolf","year":"1969","journal-title":"Opt. 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Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u2019s title, journal citation, and DOI.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}