{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T03:40:52Z","timestamp":1776742852454,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The chemical state of thermochemically treated chromium(III) oxide (Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) with various carbonates was analyzed by far-infrared (far-IR) spectroscopy (spectral region 700\u201325 cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Non-toxic Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was oxidized with potassium, sodium, and calcium carbonate, respectively, to toxic Cr(VI) and Cr(V) compounds during thermal treatment at 1000 \u00b0C. In reverse, thermochemical treatment of Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with magnesium carbonate lead to the formation of the Cr(III) compound MgCr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Higher temperatures (&gt;1200 \u00b0C) or reducing atmospheric conditions prevent the formation of Cr(VI)\/Cr(V) compounds, too. Additionally, it was found that polyethylene powder with a low particle size (&lt;70 \u03bcm) is favorable for the collection of good far-IR spectra of inorganic powders. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1366\/15-07878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T01:28:53Z","timestamp":1444267733000},"page":"1210-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thermal Treatment of Chromium(III) Oxide with Carbonates Analyzed by Far-Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Stemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Ecopreneurship, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gr\u00fcndenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Holldack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095 SA Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Lipiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences E. 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