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To test this hypothesis, the expression of the convertase was evaluated by confocal microscopy in sections of human pancreas of autoantibody positive (AA+) and T1D donors and compared with that of control. Islets of T1D pancreas were comprised of beta cells expressing either low or high PC1\/3 levels and all islets of a pancreatic section contained only one beta cell type. Pancreata of AA+ donors contained either of these two classes of islets intermixed with normal islets comprised of beta cells with heterogeneous PC1\/3 expression. This alteration affected the expression of proinsulin and insulin, which in most AA+ and T1D donors were lower than in controls. The present results indicate that the heterogeneity of PC1\/3 expression is lost in all beta cells in a subset islets of AA+ donors and in all islets of T1D donors. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of PC1\/3 expression is a biomarker of human beta cell health and that its loss coincides with the initial stages of T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554221138368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T08:34:58Z","timestamp":1667637298000},"page":"695-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Abnormal Expression of an Insulin Synthesizing Enzyme in Islets of Adult Autoantibody Positive Donors"],"prefix":"10.1369","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0687-3032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gladys","family":"Teitelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, 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