{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:31:34Z","timestamp":1787160694617,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U24DC020849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24DC020849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Histochem Cytochem."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathology repositories worldwide store millions of celloidin-processed human brain and temporal bone (TB) sections vital for studying central nervous system diseases and sensory organs. However, accessing these sections for modern molecular-pathological research, like immunohistochemistry, is hindered by the challenge of removing celloidin without damaging tissue. In this study, we explored the use of polyethylene glycols (PEGs), a class of non-hazardous, ethylene glycol oligomers, combined with an improved section mounting technique, to gently and effectively dissolve celloidin from sections archived for up to 40 years. Optimizing our protocol involved exploring celloidin dissolution kinetics in PEGs of varying molecular weights and terminations, as well as different temperatures. Low molecular weight PEGs, particularly PEG 200, were the most efficient celloidin solvent. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of celloidin-PEG 200 dissolution products revealed no chemical alterations, suggesting pure solvation without chemical modification. Because the solvation of celloidin in PEG was inhibited by proteins, we further developed a protein-free mounting protocol allowing complete celloidin removal in 30 to 60 minutes by immersing in PEG 200. In summary, our approach overcomes major methodological hurdles, rendering decades-old archival celloidin sections viable for immunohistochemical and other molecular biological techniques, while enhancing safety and workflow efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554241266287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T01:12:06Z","timestamp":1721956326000},"page":"419-433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Poly(Ethylene Glycols) to Facilitate Celloidin Removal for Immunohistochemical Studies on Archival Human Brain and Temporal Bone Sections"],"prefix":"10.1369","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"B\u00e4chinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer T.","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otopathology Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morris","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6534-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"B\u00e9rnhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Charles","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otopathology Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Tibbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Eckhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otopathology Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00221554241266287","first-page":"371","volume-title":"itor. 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