{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:21:38Z","timestamp":1790364098175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24K19746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K19746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21H02702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H02702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Histochem Cytochem."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) shares similarities with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), both characterized by intractable nasal polyps. The key distinction lies in the presence of fungal infection within the nasal cavity. While ECRS nasal polyps are known for significant infiltration of M2 macrophages and eosinophils, as well as an increase in high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels, these features are less commonly reported in AFRS. This study compared clinicopathological findings between AFRS ( n=10), ECRS ( n=12), and non-ECRS ( n=10) patients\u2019 nasal polyps using immunohistochemical analysis for CD163 and CD68 to assess the M2\/M1 macrophage ratio, and peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) and CD34 to evaluate the proportion of HEV-like vessels. AFRS showed a significantly higher number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages and an increased M2\/M1 ratio compared with ECRS. However, the percentage of HEV-like vessels and the number of eosinophils infiltrating the nasal polyps were similar in both AFRS and ECRS. The observed increase in M2 macrophages in AFRS nasal polyps is presumed to be induced by fungal infection in the nasal cavity, in comparison with ECRS. These results highlight the distinctive immunological profiles of AFRS and ECRS, emphasizing the role of macrophage polarization in their pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554241286571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1728553457000},"page":"683-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High M2\/M1 Macrophage Ratio Observed in Nasal Polyps Formed in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1369","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Muramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Yonemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9089-2174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Matsuwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matsuwaki Clinic Shinagawa, Shinagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Sakashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Fujieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100508"},{"key":"bibr2-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425915595874"},{"key":"bibr3-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1745"},{"key":"bibr4-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401"},{"key":"bibr5-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.07.002"},{"key":"bibr6-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113313"},{"key":"bibr7-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1047930"},{"key":"bibr8-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22218"},{"key":"bibr9-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr10-00221554241286571","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed I","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Immunol"},{"key":"bibr11-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.003"},{"key":"bibr12-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.01.002"},{"key":"bibr13-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221129903"},{"key":"bibr14-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.9.1361"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr15-00221554241286571","volume":"11","author":"Glass D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"bibr16-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12644"},{"key":"bibr17-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13834"},{"key":"bibr18-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.701492"},{"key":"bibr19-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02302-5"},{"key":"bibr20-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.12.2417.2417"},{"key":"bibr21-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.5.1853"},{"key":"bibr22-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00394-4"},{"key":"bibr23-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554211035730"},{"key":"bibr24-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.008"},{"key":"bibr25-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.734008"},{"key":"bibr26-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-014-0462-4"},{"key":"bibr27-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02498.x"},{"key":"bibr28-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900513"},{"key":"bibr29-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.4.945"},{"key":"bibr30-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.11.012"},{"key":"bibr31-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.03.015"},{"key":"bibr32-00221554241286571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof2040032"}],"container-title":["Journal of Histochemistry &amp; Cytochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1369\/00221554241286571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1369\/00221554241286571","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1369\/00221554241286571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1777501554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1369\/00221554241286571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1369\/00221554241286571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1369\/00221554241286571","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1554","1551-5044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1554","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-5044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]}}}