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During metastasis, cells must also lose their epithelial characteristics and become mesenchymal and motile, termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While it is established that transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-\u03b21) can induce EMT, the effect of cytokine-induced EMT on O-glycosylation of breast cancer cells has not previously been explored. MCF-7 and T47-D breast cancer cells were treated with TGF-\u03b21 over a time course of up to 7 days. Morphological changes were assessed using confocal microscopy and quantified; levels of EMT marker expression were assessed using immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy and western blot. The effect of TGF-\u03b21 on synthesis of unelaborated Tn antigen was explored using\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helix pomatia<\/jats:italic>\n                    agglutinin (HPA) labelling. TGF-\u03b21 treatment induced morphological changes, resulting in an elongated, mesenchymal-like phenotype, and a reduction of epithelial marker E-cadherin but did not detectably induce mesenchymal markers N-cadherin or vimentin. It also resulted in a significant reduction in unelaborated Tn antigen, detected by HPA labelling. These observations are consistent with TGF-\u03b21 inducing an \u2018early\u2019 or partial EMT state over this timeframe, and a concomitant change in O-glycosylation, consistent with the synthesis of more elaborated O-glycan structures; such glycoplasticity may function in metastasis.\u2003\n                    <jats:bold>(J Histochem Cytochem XX:XXX\u2013XXX, XXXX)<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554261416994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T07:50:38Z","timestamp":1772351438000},"page":"193-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Drives Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Reduces Synthesis of Unelaborated O-GalNAc Glycans in Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1369","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Cull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological &amp; Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK (JC, RCP, PS, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7501-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological &amp; Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK (JC, RCP, PS, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological &amp; Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK (JC, RCP, PS, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7908-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan A.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological &amp; Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK (JC, RCP, PS, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwv091","article-title":"Symbol nomenclature for graphical representations of glycans","volume":"25","author":"Varki A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Varki A, Cummings RD, Aebi M, Packer NH, Seeberger PH, Esko JD, Stanley P, Hart G, Darvil A, Kinoshita T, Prestegard JJ, Schnarr RL, Freeze HH, Marth JD, Bertozzi CR, Etzler ME, Frank M, Vliegenthart JFG, Lutteke T, Perez S, Bolton E, Rudd P, Paulson J, Kanehisa M, Toukach P, Aoki-Kinoshito KF, Dell A, Narimatsu H, York W, Taniguchi N, Kornfeld S. 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