{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T12:26:51Z","timestamp":1787401611805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001513","name":"Cancer Society of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20.13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Histochem Cytochem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been linked to tumor progression in several cancers, but its role in breast cancer remains uncertain. This study investigated HCMV long non-coding RNA4.9 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in three breast cancer subtypes (ER+\/PR+,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =25; HER2-positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =24; triple-negative,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =26) and normal breast tissue (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =5) using RNAscope. Serum HCMV IgG and IgM levels were measured, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the pan-macrophage marker CD68 in breast tissue. HCMV IgG seropositivity was more common in ER+ patients, while IgM positivity was more frequent in HER2-positive and triple-negative cases. HCMV\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    signals were detected in over half of tumor samples, localizing to invasive tumor cells, stromal cells, adipose tissue, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Although detection rates did not differ significantly between breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative tumors exhibited mid- to high-level\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated CD68+ cells present in most tumors and were more abundant in HCMV\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive samples. These cells co-localized with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive cells at invasive margins, while in associated foci of DCIS, CD68+ cells were present in surrounding stroma. This study provides the first demonstration of HCMV\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncRNA4.9<\/jats:italic>\n                    in breast tissue and supports HCMV\u2019s potential role in the biology of a subset of breast cancers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554261474562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1787136688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus\n                    <i>lncRNA4.9<\/i>\n                    in Breast Tumor Tissue Using RNA In Situ Hybridization"],"prefix":"10.1369","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7519-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Morley-Bunker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8450-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Te Whatu Ora\u2013Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Morrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"He Taonga Tapu Cancer Society Tissue Bank, Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5607-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan C.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191008.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Cancer new registrations deaths 2013 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Mar 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/publication\/cancer-new-registrations-and-deaths-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Vaidya JS Joseph D Jones A. Fast facts: breast cancer\u2013Risk factors. 4th ed. Abingdon: Health Press Limited; 2012. p. 7\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"WCRF\/AICR. Diet nutrition physical activity and breast cancer. 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