{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:30:04Z","timestamp":1790659804308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Histochem Cytochem."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Keratan sulfate (KS) is a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyllactosamine disaccharides, in which both galactose and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetylglucosamine are often 6-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -sulfated. It has been reported that KS recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 5D4 and 373E1 is preferentially expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and only minimally in other thyroid tumors\/lesions or normal thyroid tissue. However, the precise epitopes recognized by these antibodies remain incompletely characterized, and the expression and extent of low-sulfated KS in PTC have not been systematically evaluated. To better understand the nature of KS expressed in PTC, we generated a novel anti-KS monoclonal antibody, 299-1C1, and performed immunohistochemical analyses using 299-1C1 together with two existing anti-KS monoclonal antibodies, 5D4 and R-10G, in combination with keratanase II and endo-\u03b2-galactosidase. The results showed that both highly sulfated and low-sulfated KS are preferentially expressed in PTC, including lymph node metastases, accompanied by upregulation of genes encoding key KS biosynthetic enzymes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B3GNT7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B4GALT4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHST2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHST6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in integrated TCGA\/GTEx transcriptomic datasets. Expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B3GNT7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B4GALT4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHST2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHST6<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was further increased in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mutant PTCs. These findings indicate that anti-KS monoclonal antibodies are useful for the pathological diagnosis of PTC, particularly for distinguishing lymph node metastases from intranodal thyroid inclusions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554261479793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:14:25Z","timestamp":1787966065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunohistochemical Characterization of Keratan Sulfate Preferentially Expressed in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody 299-1C1"],"prefix":"10.1369","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya O.","family":"Akama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Yonemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Muramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9460-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Fujieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-1440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15394"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1836"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwad056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwy003"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32133-1","article-title":"Identification of a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate. 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