{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:43:47Z","timestamp":1777851827344,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Histochem Cytochem."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we investigated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling Smads in distraction osteogenesis (DO). Osteotomy of the right tibia was performed in 14 skeletally mature white New Zealand male rabbits. Lengthening was started 1 week later at a rate of 0.5 mm\/12 hr and was maintained for 3 weeks. Expression of Smad proteins 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and Smad ubiquitin regulatory factors (Smurfs) 1 and 2 was evaluated in the distracted zone using immunohistochemistry. Expression of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) 1, 5, and 8 showed a significant increase during the distraction phase, followed by a gradual decrease during the consolidation phase. Smad 4 showed significant expression during both distraction and the beginning of the consolidation phase. Smad 6 and Smad 7 were highly expressed during the consolidation phase. Staining for both Smurfs 1 and 2 was maximal at the end of the distraction period. Staining for all proteins was most intense in chondrocyte and fibroblast-like cells. Expression pattern of R-Smads correlated with our previously reported expression pattern of BMPs 2, 4, and 7 and their receptors. These results therefore suggest a role for the whole BMP signaling pathway including the Smad proteins in DO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5a6738.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,14]],"date-time":"2005-11-14T20:33:40Z","timestamp":1132000420000},"page":"407-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Immunohistochemical Localization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-signaling Smads during Long-bone Distraction Osteogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Tasima","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Mandu-Hrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Lauzier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tabrizian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Biorecognition and Biosensors, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reggie C.","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00067-3"},{"key":"bibr2-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200301000-00035"},{"key":"bibr3-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0023"},{"key":"bibr4-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190412331279890"},{"key":"bibr5-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200409000-00003"},{"key":"bibr6-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00154-6"},{"key":"bibr7-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.2.186"},{"key":"bibr8-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80303-7"},{"key":"bibr9-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37284"},{"key":"bibr10-jhc.5A6738.2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilizarov GA (1989a) The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. 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