{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:05:07Z","timestamp":1779879907607,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]],"date-time":"2005-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]],"date-time":"2005-11-16T15:24:38Z","timestamp":1132154678000},"page":"e63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Stealth Proteins: In Silico Identification of a Novel Protein Family Rendering Bacterial Pathogens Invisible to Host Immune Defense"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Sperisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph D","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Zilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02760","article-title":"Frontal and stealth attack strategies in microbial pathogenesis.","volume":"430","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1008","article-title":"Invertebrates as a source of emerging human pathogens.","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.03.007","article-title":"Is innate enough? The innate immune response in Drosophila.","volume":"327","year":"2004","journal-title":"C R Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1338","DOI":"10.2741\/A844","article-title":"Mycoplasmosis and immunity of fish and reptiles.","volume":"7","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.1.110-121.2004","article-title":"Natural selection and evolution of streptococcal virulence genes involved in tissue-specific adaptations.","volume":"186","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01718.x","article-title":"Adaptation to the environment: Streptococcus pneumoniae, a paradigm for recombination-mediated genetic plasticity?","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11792","article-title":"Breaching the mucosal barrier by stealth: An emerging pathogenic mechanism for enteroadherent bacterial pathogens.","volume":"107","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.002251","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease.","volume":"41","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0170462","article-title":"Bacterial capsules and interactions with complement and phagocytes.","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b010","first-page":"87","article-title":"The biologic significance of bacterial encapsulation.","volume":"150","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b011","first-page":"65","article-title":"The role of bacterial polysaccharide capsules as virulence factors.","volume":"150","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.58.3.563-602.1994","article-title":"Bacterial gene transfer by natural genetic transformation in the environment.","volume":"58","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b013","first-page":"233","article-title":"Accessory DNAs in the bacterial gene pool: Playground for coevolution.","volume":"102","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01692.x","article-title":"Multiple independent horizontal transfers of informational genes from bacteria to plasmids and phages: Implications for the origin of bacterial replication machinery.","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b015","first-page":"37","article-title":"The potential of integrons and connected programmed rearrangements for mediating horizontal gene transfer.","volume":"84","year":"1998","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.709","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes: Quantification and classification.","volume":"55","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R38","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-6-r38","article-title":"Bacterial alpha2-macroglobulins: Colonization factors acquired by horizontal gene transfer from the metazoan genome?","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool.","volume":"215","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7202-7207.2003","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the capsule locus of Haemophilus influenzae serotype f.","volume":"71","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3320-3328.2003","article-title":"Association of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae capsular polysaccharide with virulence in pigs.","volume":"71","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-11-2793","article-title":"The complete cps gene cluster from Streptococcus thermophilus NCFB 2393 involved in the biosynthesis of a new exopolysaccharide.","volume":"146","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.18.5419-5430.2003","article-title":"Genetic loci for coaggregation receptor polysaccharide biosynthesis in Streptococcus gordonii 38.","volume":"185","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.6.1533-1539.1998","article-title":"Characterization of the gene cassette required for biosynthesis of the (alpha1\u21926)-linked N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-1-phosphate capsule of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"180","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6712","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.6712-6720.2003","article-title":"Genetic basis for biosynthesis of the (alpha 1\u21924)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate capsule of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X.","volume":"71","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26144-0","article-title":"Detection and genetic analysis of group II capsules in Aeromonas hydrophila.","volume":"149","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b026","first-page":"4703","article-title":"Studies on the meningococcal polysaccharides. II. Composition and chemical properties of the group B and group C polysaccharide.","volume":"246","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b027","first-page":"2849","article-title":"Studies on the meningococcal polysaccharides. I. Composition and chemical properties of the group A polysaccharide.","volume":"246","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42390-9","article-title":"Studies on the group-specific polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X and an improved procedure for its isolation.","volume":"249","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)83845-8","article-title":"Structural studies of the capsular antigen from Haemophilus influenzae type f.","volume":"79","year":"1980","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/4.2.183","article-title":"The cell wall polysaccharide of Streptococcus gordonii 38: Structure and immunochemical comparison with the receptor polysaccharides of Streptococcus oralis 34 and Streptococcus mitis J22.","volume":"4","year":"1994","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.12.5035-5041.1997","article-title":"Structural and antigenic types of cell wall polysaccharides from viridans group streptococci with receptors for oral actinomyces and streptococcal lectins.","volume":"65","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1021\/bi034156y","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance structure of a prototype Lin12-Notch repeat module from human Notch1.","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(06)80021-6","article-title":"Calcium binding and conformational response in EF-hand proteins.","volume":"21","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612033392297","article-title":"Comparative immunology.","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.06.010","article-title":"Recognition strategies in the innate immune system of ancestral chordates.","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b036","first-page":"799","article-title":"Fucosebeta-1-P-Ser is a new type of glycosylation: Using antibodies to identify a novel structure in Dictyostelium discoideum and study multiple types of fucosylation during growth and development.","volume":"8","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12164","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.12164","article-title":"Multiple O-glycoforms on the spore coat protein SP96 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Fuc(alpha1\u20133)GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser is the major modification.","volume":"275","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FreezeHH 1997 Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins: Using a model system for organismic glycobiology. In: MontreuilJVliegenhartJFGSchachterH Glycoproteins II New York Elsevier pp. 91 105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7306(08)60618-3"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(84)07011-7","article-title":"O beta-(N-acetyl-alpha-glucosamine-1-phosphoryl)serine in proteinase I from Dictyostelium discoideum.","volume":"107","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.18.10897","article-title":"A lysosomal cysteine proteinase from Dictyostelium discoideum contains N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate bound to serine but not mannose-6-phosphate on N-linked oligosaccharides.","volume":"271","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.18.2239","article-title":"Dictyostelium lysosomal proteins with different sugar modifications sort to functionally distinct compartments.","volume":"110","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(99)00065-4","article-title":"Glycoconjugates in Leishmania infectivity.","volume":"1455","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2745","article-title":"Requirement of lipophosphoglycan for intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani within human monocytes.","volume":"144","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2000.00037.x","article-title":"Leishmania promastigotes require lipophosphoglycan to actively modulate the fusion properties of phagosomes at an early step of phagocytosis.","volume":"2","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.1999.00002.x","article-title":"Impaired recruitment of the small GTPase rab7 correlates with the inhibition of phagosome maturation by Leishmania donovani promastigotes.","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087499","article-title":"Persistence without pathology in phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major.","volume":"301","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530604100","article-title":"The role(s) of lipophosphoglycan (LPG) in the establishment of Leishmania major infections in mammalian hosts.","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1021\/bi000371s","article-title":"Characterization of the elongating alpha-D-mannosyl phosphate transferase from three species of Leishmania using synthetic acceptor substrate analogues.","volume":"39","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02155.x","article-title":"Horizontal transfer of multiple penicillin-binding protein genes, and capsular biosynthetic genes, in natural populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae.","volume":"5","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.172.3.1374-1379.1990","article-title":"Capsulation in distantly related strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b: Genetic drift and gene transfer at the capsulation locus.","volume":"172","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1809","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58.","volume":"287","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4042","article-title":"T-Coffee: A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment.","volume":"302","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/10.1.1","article-title":"Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites.","volume":"10","year":"1997","journal-title":"Protein Eng"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b054","first-page":"122","article-title":"Prediction of signal peptides and signal anchors by a hidden Markov model.","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315","article-title":"Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: Application to complete genomes.","volume":"305","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b056","first-page":"175","article-title":"A hidden Markov model for predicting transmembrane helices in protein sequences.","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.215","article-title":"The PROSITE database, its status in 1999.","volume":"27","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.260","article-title":"Pfam 3.1: 1313 multiple alignments and profile HMMs match the majority of proteins.","volume":"27","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.62002","article-title":"Long-range heterogeneity at the 3\u2032 ends of human mRNAs.","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S308","DOI":"10.1086\/374755","article-title":"Use of transcriptome data to unravel the fine structure of genes involved in sepsis.","volume":"187","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D509","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh067","article-title":"trome, trEST and trGEN: Databases of predicted protein sequences.","volume":"32","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754","article-title":"MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees.","volume":"17","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg180","article-title":"MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b064","first-page":"164","article-title":"PHYLIP\u2014Phylogeny Inference Package (version 3.2).","volume":"5","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"pcbi-0010063-b065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0134(19990301)34:4<508::AID-PROT10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Evaluation and improvement of multiple sequence methods for protein secondary structure prediction.","volume":"34","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proteins"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T13:18:16Z","timestamp":1683292696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010063"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peer","family":"Bork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]]}}}