{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1776832204316,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]],"date-time":"2008-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,24]],"date-time":"2008-04-24T18:08:36Z","timestamp":1209060516000},"page":"e1000028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":460,"title":["Dimensionality and Dynamics in the Behavior of C. elegans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Greg J.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Johnson-Kerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William","family":"Bialek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics.","author":"DM Green","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The Behavior of Animals: Mechanism, Function and Evolution.","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/165.3.1117","article-title":"Quantitative classification and natural clustering of <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic> behavioral phenotypes.","volume":"165","author":"W Geng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-6-5","article-title":"An automated system for measuring parameters of nematode sinusoidal movement.","volume":"6","author":"CJ Cronin","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.05.002","article-title":"Computer\u2013driven automatic identification of locomotion states in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"157","author":"K Hoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci Meth"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.04.012","article-title":"Conservation rules, their breakdown, and optimality in <italic>Caenorhabditis<\/italic> sinusoidal locomotion.","volume":"242","author":"J Karbowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.06.007","article-title":"Machine vision based detection of omega bends and reversals in <italic>C. elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"158","author":"KM Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci Meth"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Kernel principal component analysis and the construction of non-linear active shape models.","author":"CJ Twining","year":"2001","journal-title":"in British Mach Vis Conf 23\u201332"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.894981","article-title":"A computational model for C. elegans locomotory behavior: application to multiworm tracking.","volume":"54","author":"N Roussel","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1975.tb03191.x","article-title":"Components and patterns in the behavior of the nematode <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"176","author":"N Croll","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.16.030193.000403","article-title":"Genetic and cellular analysis of behavior in <italic>C. elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"16","author":"CI Bargmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.10.4061","article-title":"Normal and mutant thermotaxis in the nematode <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"72","author":"EM Hedgecock","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-00956.1985","article-title":"The neural circuit for touch sensitivity in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"5","author":"M Chalfie","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"437","article-title":"Sur quelque properiet\u00e8s des courbes \u00e1 double courbure. Th\u00e8se, Toulouse, 1847.","volume":"17","author":"J Frenet","year":"1985","journal-title":"Abstract in Jour de Math"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry.","author":"DJ Struik","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10477","article-title":"Thermal avoidance in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>: An approach to the study of nociception.","volume":"96","author":"N Wittenburg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409009101","article-title":"A circuit for navigation in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"102","author":"JH Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.3.817","article-title":"Chemotaxis by the nematode <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>: identification of attractants and analysis of the response by use of mutants.","volume":"70","author":"S Ward","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry, 2nd ed.","author":"NG van Kampen","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.061150","article-title":"Cell motility as persistent random motion: Theories from experiment.","volume":"89","author":"D Selmecai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-10-04369.2003","article-title":"Step response analysis of thermotaxis in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"23","author":"HA Zariwala","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05727.2002","article-title":"Thermotaxis in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic> analyzed by measuring responses to defined thermal stimuli.","volume":"22","author":"WS Ryu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(93)90088-9","article-title":"Effects of aging on habituation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.","volume":"28","author":"CDO Beck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behavioral Processes"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7711","article-title":"Low dimensionality of surpaspinally induced force fields.","volume":"95","author":"A d'Avella","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10105","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-23-10105.1998","article-title":"Postural hand strategies for tool use.","volume":"18","author":"M Santello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-03-01066.2000","article-title":"Human arm movements described by a low-dimensional superposition of principal components.","volume":"20","author":"TD Sanger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03961","article-title":"A sensory source for motor variation.","volume":"437","author":"LC Osborne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04588","article-title":"An excitable gene regulatory circuit induces transient cellular differentiation.","volume":"440","author":"GM Suel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9557","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09557.1999","article-title":"The fundamental role of pirouettes in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic> chemotaxis.","volume":"19","author":"JT Pierce\u2013Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02590","article-title":"Sensorimotor control during isothermal tracking in Caenorhabditis elegans.","volume":"209","author":"L Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"The Neural and Behavioural Organization of Goal-Directed Movements.","author":"M Jeannerod","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"<italic>E. coli<\/italic> in Motion.","author":"HC Berg","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(77)85544-6","article-title":"Physics of chemoreception.","volume":"20","author":"HC Berg","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bb.16.060187.002323","article-title":"Physical limits to sensation and perception.","volume":"16","author":"W Bialek","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605321104","article-title":"lnfluence of odorant receptor repertoire on odor perception in humans and fruit flies.","volume":"104","author":"A Keller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Nat'l Acad Sci (USA)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2012","article-title":"Genome sequence of the nematode <italic>C. elegans<\/italic>: a platform for investigating biology.","volume":"282","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1986.0056","article-title":"The structure of the nervous system of the nematode <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"314","author":"JG White","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71","article-title":"The genetics of <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"77","author":"S Brenner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259","article-title":"Neuronal substrates of complex behaviors in <italic>C. elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"28","author":"M de Bono","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01050.2005","article-title":"The awake behaving worm: simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity and behavior in intact animals at millimeter scale.","volume":"95","author":"S Faumont","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurophys"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.95","article-title":"The DNA of <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/italic>.","volume":"77","author":"JE Sulston","year":"1974","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.5224","article-title":"How to quantify deterministic and random influences on the statistics of the foreign exchange market.","volume":"84","author":"R Friedrich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"027101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.027101","article-title":"Langevin equations from time series.","volume":"71","author":"E Racca","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T19:13:01Z","timestamp":1631128381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000028"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olaf","family":"Sporns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000028","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1109020.566190","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1109020.617166","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]]}}}