{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:25:14Z","timestamp":1760783114165,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]],"date-time":"2009-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T22:44:32Z","timestamp":1231454672000},"page":"e1000261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Analysis of Enzyme Kinetics Data for Mitochondrial DNA Strand Termination by Nucleoside Reverse Transcription Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Katherine V.","family":"Wendelsdorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]]},"reference":[{"year":"2006","key":"ref1","article-title":"Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-infected Adults and Adolescents. pp 11\u201320."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1086\/381678","article-title":"The cellular pharmacology of nucleoside- and nucleotide-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and its relationship to clinical toxicities.","volume":"38","author":"PL Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"113","article-title":"Intracellular interactions between nucleos(t)ide inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase.","volume":"7","author":"AS Ray","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200003310-00005","article-title":"Insights into the reasons for discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in a cohort of antiretroviral naive patients. I.CO.N.A. Study Group. Italian Cohort of Antiretroviral-Naive Patients.","volume":"14","author":"A d'Arminio Monforte","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.59.053006.104646","article-title":"Inherited mitochondrial diseases of DNA replication.","volume":"59","author":"WC Copeland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.12.2743","article-title":"Effects of antiviral nucleoside analogs on human DNA-polymerases and mitochondrial-DNA synthesis.","volume":"38","author":"JL Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1201","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity of NRTI antiviral drugs: an integrated cellular perspective.","volume":"2","author":"W Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200207010-00002","article-title":"Exposure to dideoxynucleosides is reflected in lowered mitochondrial DNA in subcutaneous fat.","volume":"30","author":"CL Cherry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012035","article-title":"Changes in mitochondrial DNA as a marker of nucleoside toxicity in HIV-infected patients.","volume":"346","author":"HC Cote","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20410","article-title":"Depleted skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA, hyperlactatemia, and decreased oxidative capacity in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"77","author":"SB Haugaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20074","article-title":"Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in liver under antiretroviral therapy with didanosine, stavudine, or zalcitabine.","volume":"39","author":"UA Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000214809.83218.88","article-title":"Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs on HIV-1-infected and -uninfected human monocyte-derived macrophages.","volume":"42","author":"R Azzam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)05376-8","article-title":"Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC) on cultured human muscle cells.","volume":"149","author":"E Benbrik","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(03)00005-6","article-title":"Evaluation of mitochondrial DNA content and enzyme levels in tenofovir DF-treated rats, rhesus monkeys and woodchucks.","volume":"58","author":"G Biesecker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.716-723.2002","article-title":"Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"46","author":"G Birkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36520-6","article-title":"Effect of nucleoside analogs on neurite regeneration and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in PC-12 cells.","volume":"280","author":"LX Cui","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000112","article-title":"Changes in mitochondrial RNA production in cells treated with nucleoside analogues.","volume":"10","author":"L Galluzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.3.496-503.2000","article-title":"Differential effects of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs on mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells.","volume":"44","author":"XR Pan-Zhou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000216","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues in primary human lymphocytes.","volume":"10","author":"B Setzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200211080-00009","article-title":"Increased long-term mitochondrial toxicity in combinations of nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"16","author":"UA Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000216367.23325.58","article-title":"Antiretroviral nucleosides, deoxynucleotide carrier and mitochondrial DNA: evidence supporting the DNA pol gamma hypothesis.","volume":"20","author":"W Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3384-3392.2003","article-title":"Mitochondrial and metabolic effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in mice receiving one of five single- and three dual-NRTI treatments.","volume":"47","author":"R Note","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2006_3319","article-title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial genome responses in HeLa cells treated with inhibitors of mitochondrial DNA expression.","volume":"53","author":"J Piechota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"181","article-title":"Extensive investigations of mitochondrial DNA genome in treated HIV-infected subjects: beyond mitochondrial DNA depletion.","volume":"39","author":"G McComsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40847","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106743200","article-title":"Toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogs and the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"276","author":"AA Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1300-1306.2004","article-title":"Relationship between antiviral activity and host toxicity: comparison of the incorporation efficiencies of 2\u2032,3\u2032-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3\u2032-thiacytidine-triphosphate analogs by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"48","author":"JY Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm695","article-title":"A novel mechanism of selectivity against AZT by the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"35","author":"JW Hanes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25159","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703972200","article-title":"Enzymatic therapeutic index of acyclovir. Viral versus human polymerase gamma specificity.","volume":"282","author":"JW Hanes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1021\/bi982340r","article-title":"Mechanistic studies comparing the incorporation of (+) and (\u2212) isomers of 3TCTP by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.","volume":"38","author":"JY Feng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(95)00836-5","article-title":"Mechanisms for the anti-hepatitis B virus activity and mitochondrial toxicity of fialuridine (FIAU).","volume":"29","author":"JM Colacino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3592","article-title":"Fialuridine and its metabolites inhibit DNA polymerase gamma at sites of multiple adjacent analog incorporation, decrease mtDNA abundance, and cause mitochondrial structural defects in cultured hepatoblasts.","volume":"93","author":"W Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(76)90041-3","article-title":"General method for numerically simulating stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical-reactions.","volume":"22","author":"D Gillespie","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1021\/j100540a008","article-title":"Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions.","volume":"81","author":"DT Gillespie","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Phys Chem"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106743200","article-title":"Exonuclease proofreading by human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"276","author":"AA Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38090","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106743200","article-title":"Fidelity of nucleotide incorporation by human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"276","author":"AA Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36236","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607964200","article-title":"Fidelity of the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"281","author":"HR Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24472","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502869200","article-title":"Mitochondrial deoxynucleotide pools in quiescent fibroblasts - A possible model for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE).","volume":"280","author":"P Ferraro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17019","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313957200","article-title":"Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotides, pool sizes, synthesis, and regulation.","volume":"279","author":"C Rampazzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1170913","article-title":"The isolation by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation of two mitochondrial populations from livers of embryonic and fed and starved adult rats.","volume":"117","author":"JK Pollak","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.087130","article-title":"Cell shrinkage as a signal to apoptosis in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.","volume":"567","author":"MB Friis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609020103","article-title":"Mitochondrial deoxynucleotide pool sizes in mouse liver and evidence for a transport mechanism for thymidine monophosphate.","volume":"103","author":"P Ferraro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199610000-00008","article-title":"The effect of zidovudine dose on the formation of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites.","volume":"10","author":"MG Barry","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401230-00006","article-title":"Monitoring of didanosine and stavudine intracellular trisphosphorylated anabolite concentrations in HIV-infected patients.","volume":"18","author":"F Becher","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.605","article-title":"Improved method for the simultaneous determination of d4T, 3TC and ddl intracellular phosphorylated anabolites in human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells using high-performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry.","volume":"16","author":"F Becher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.135-143.2002","article-title":"Development of enzymatic assays for quantification of intracellular lamivudine and carbovir triphosphate levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.","volume":"46","author":"S Kewn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199911120-00006","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of lamivudine phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with HIV-1.","volume":"13","author":"KH Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000137001.40505.56","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of nucleoside\/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"37","author":"PJ Piliero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1907-1914.2005","article-title":"Measurement of intracellular didanosine and tenofovir phosphorylated metabolites and possible interaction of the two drugs in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.","volume":"49","author":"A Pruvost","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54287-3","article-title":"Properties of the 3\u2032 to 5\u2032 exonuclease associated with porcine liver DNA polymerase \u03b3. Substrate specificity, product analysis, inhibition, and kinetics of terminal excision.","volume":"266","author":"MJ Longley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18929","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.32.18929","article-title":"Efficient incorporation of anti-HIV deoxynucleotides by recombinant yeast mitochondrial DNA polymerase.","volume":"270","author":"S Eriksson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20191","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of CD-1 mice following perinatal exposure to AZT, 3TC, or AZT\/3TC in combination.","volume":"48","author":"SSL Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200704","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity of tenofovir, emtricitabine and abacavir alone and in combination with additional nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"12","author":"N Venhoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3290689","article-title":"Analysis of the combined effect of two linear inhibitors on a single enzyme.","volume":"329","author":"JJ Martinez-Irujo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.4.2265","article-title":"Two distinct loci confer resistance to acycloguanosine in herpes simplex virus type 1.","volume":"77","author":"DM Coen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1086\/375353","article-title":"Mitochondrial: nuclear DNA ratios in peripheral blood cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who received selected HIV antiretroviral drug regimens.","volume":"187","author":"HCF Cote","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(01)00210-8","article-title":"Tenofovir exhibits low cytotoxicity in various human cell types: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"54","author":"T Cihlar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00039-07","article-title":"Absence of a universal mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity by nucleoside analogs.","volume":"51","author":"KC Lund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1086\/429697","article-title":"In vivo, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors alter expression of both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism genes in the absence of depletion of mitochondrial DNA.","volume":"191","author":"PW Mallon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200206","article-title":"Relationship of mitochondrial DNA depletion and respiratory chain activity in preadipocytes treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"12","author":"MV Stankov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00199-3","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in the development of AZT-induced cardiomyopathy in rat.","volume":"26","author":"E Szabados","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.05.004","article-title":"Effects of apricitabine and other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on replication of mitochondrial DNA in HepG2 cells.","volume":"76","author":"MP de Baar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)00141-L","article-title":"Cellular targets of 3\u2032-azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine: an early (non-delayed) effect on oxidative phosphorylation.","volume":"50","author":"GA Hobbs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.01.003","article-title":"3\u2032-Azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine (AZT) inhibits thymidine phosphorylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria: a possible mechanism of AZT hepatotoxicity.","volume":"71","author":"MD Lynx","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"93","article-title":"AZT inhibition of the ADP\/ATP antiport in isolated rat heart mitochondria.","volume":"6","author":"D Valenti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0844(199809)16:3<173::AID-CBF783>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial sensitivity to AZT.","volume":"16","author":"LF Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1086\/368314","article-title":"Tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: three cases of renal failure, Fanconi syndrome, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.","volume":"36","author":"A Karras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1086\/499048","article-title":"Tenofovir-associated acute and chronic kidney disease: a case of multiple drug interactions.","volume":"42","author":"AE Zimmermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350601100108","article-title":"Exploring mitochondrial nephrotoxicity as a potential mechanism of kidney dysfunction among HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"11","author":"HC Cote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00437-06","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity of tenofovir alone and in combination with other antiretrovirals in human renal proximal tubule cells.","volume":"50","author":"F Vidal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm227","article-title":"The DNA polymerase \u03b3 Y955C disease variant associated with PEO and parkinsonism mediates the incorporation and translesion synthesis opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine.","volume":"16","author":"MA Graziewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R244","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl233","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA polymerase-\u03b3 and human disease.","volume":"15","author":"G Hudson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl088","article-title":"Phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene.","volume":"129","author":"R Horvath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1021\/cr040463d","article-title":"DNA polymerase gamma in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair.","volume":"106","author":"MA Graziewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2008.01.001","article-title":"The evidence that the DNC (SLC25A19) is not the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotide carrier.","volume":"8","author":"J Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15927","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607661103","article-title":"Knockout of Slc25a19 causes mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate depletion, embryonic lethality, CNS malformations, and anemia.","volume":"103","author":"MJ Lindhurst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T21:48:12Z","timestamp":1738878492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000261"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Greg","family":"Tucker-Kellogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000261","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-7358"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]]}}}