{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:02:12Z","timestamp":1762898532171,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]],"date-time":"2009-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251417600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]],"date-time":"2009-08-27T22:09:55Z","timestamp":1251410995000},"page":"e1000479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autocatalytic Loop, Amplification and Diffusion: A Mathematical and Computational Model of Cell Polarization in Neural Chemotaxis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Causin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Facchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/419021a","article-title":"Cell polarity: a chemical compass.","volume":"419","author":"H Bourne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1435","article-title":"Chemotaxis: signalling the way forward.","volume":"5","author":"P van Haastert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100340","article-title":"Biochemistry and biomechanics of cell motility.","volume":"7","author":"S Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)73906-4","article-title":"Establishing direction during chemotaxis in eukaryotic cells.","volume":"83","author":"W Rappel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.17.2867","article-title":"Orientation of chemotactic cells and growth cones: models and mechanisms.","volume":"112","author":"H Meinhardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75373-3","article-title":"Models of eukaryotic gradient sensing: application to chemotaxis of amoebae and neutrophils.","volume":"82","author":"A Levchenko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1385805","article-title":"A mathematical model for chemoattractant gradient sensing based on receptor\u2013regulated membrane phospholipid signalling dynamics.","volume":"29","author":"A Narang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Diffusion-limited phase separation in eukaryotic chemotaxis.","volume":"102(47)","author":"A Gamba","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030036","article-title":"A mathematical model for neutrophil gradient sensing and polarization.","volume":"3","author":"M Onsum","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.120824","article-title":"Wave-pinning and cell polarity from a bistable reaction-diffusion system.","volume":"94","author":"Y Mori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.008","article-title":"Growth cone chemotaxis.","volume":"31","author":"D Mortimer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1158","article-title":"A model of neurite extension across regions of nonpermissive substrate: simulations based on experimental measurements of growth cone motility and filopodial dynamics.","volume":"163","author":"HM Buettner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100446","article-title":"Deterministic and stochastic elements of axonal guidance.","volume":"7","author":"SM Maskery","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(00)00434-9","article-title":"Dynamic mechanisms for bundling and guidance during neural network formation.","volume":"288","author":"HGE Hentschel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-syb:20070059","article-title":"Mathematical characterization of the transduction chain in growth cone pathfinding.","volume":"2","author":"G Aletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"IET Sys Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00539-2","article-title":"Biophysical model of axonal pathfinding.","volume":"38\u201340","author":"M Aeschlimann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1162\/0899766041941934","article-title":"Predicting axonal response to molecular gradients with a computational model of filopodial dynamics.","volume":"16","author":"GJ Goodhill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neural Comp"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02029","article-title":"Adaptation is not required to explain the long-term response of axons to molecular gradients.","volume":"132","author":"J Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702536104","article-title":"Asymmetric redistribution of GABA receptors during GABA gradient sensing by nerve growth cones analyzed by single quantum dot imaging.","volume":"104","author":"C Bouzigues","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063951","article-title":"Single-molecule analysis of chemotactic signaling in <italic>Dictyostelium<\/italic> cells.","volume":"294","author":"M Ueda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80694-0","article-title":"Single{particle tracking: models of directed transport.","volume":"67","author":"M Saxton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(99)80052-X","article-title":"Signal transduction underlying growth cone guidance by diffusible factors.","volume":"9","author":"H Song","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.5.557","article-title":"Modulation of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channels by cyclic nucleotide cross activation of opposing protein kinases in rabbit portal vein.","volume":"82","author":"V Ruiz-Velasco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80804-1","article-title":"A ligand\u2013gated association between cytoplasmatic domains of UNC5 and DCC family receptors converts Netrin-induced growth cone attraction to repulsion.","volume":"97","author":"K Hong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80414-6","article-title":"cAMP-dependent growth cone guidance by netrin-1.","volume":"19","author":"Gl Ming","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81336-7","article-title":"Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) encodes a netrin receptor.","volume":"87","author":"K Keino-Masu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5290.1123","article-title":"The molecular biology of axon guidance.","volume":"274","author":"M Tessier-Lavigne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01751","article-title":"Cyclic AMP\/GMP-dependent modulation of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channels sets the polarity of nerve growth-cone turning.","volume":"423","author":"M Nishiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Letters to Nature"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.1.E35","article-title":"Mathematical model of FSH-induced cAMP production in ovarian follicles.","volume":"281","author":"F Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E81","DOI":"10.1038\/35060164","article-title":"The cell biology of neuronal navigation.","volume":"3","author":"H Song","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/364327a0","article-title":"Expression of the UNC-5 guidance receptor in the touch neurons of C. elegans steers their axons dorsally.","volume":"364","author":"M Hamelin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/47507","article-title":"Calcium signalling in the guidance of nerve growth by netrin\u20131.","volume":"403","author":"K Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01496.x","article-title":"Diffusion in axon guidance.","volume":"9","author":"GJ Goodhill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Neur"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19991105)41:2<230::AID-NEU6>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Theoretical analysis of gradient detection by growth cones.","volume":"41","author":"GJ Goodhill","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/368140a0","article-title":"Turning of nerve growth cone induced by neuro-transmitters.","volume":"368","author":"JQ Zheng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/336775a0","article-title":"Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system.","volume":"336","author":"M Tessier-Lavigne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2142","article-title":"Netrins: beyond the brain.","volume":"8","author":"V Cirulli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews"},{"article-title":"Mathematical Biology. Vol I,II","year":"2004","author":"JD Murray","key":"ref38"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)11062-6","article-title":"12\u2013Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid inhibits main platelet functions by activation of soluble guanylate cyclase.","volume":"39","author":"B Brune","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.017749","article-title":"Nitric oxide inhibits neuroendocrine Ca<italic><sub>v<\/sub><\/italic>1 L\u2013channel gating via cGMP\u2013dependent protein kinase in cell\u2013attached patches of bovine chromaffn cells.","volume":"541","author":"V Carabelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"article-title":"Methods of mathematical physics","year":"1989","author":"R Courant","key":"ref41"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.094524","article-title":"Transient directed motions of GABAA receptors in growth cones detected by a speed correlation index.","volume":"92","author":"C Bouzigues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.06.004","article-title":"Regulators of endocytosis maintain localized receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in guided migration.","volume":"9","author":"G J\u00e9kely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)10837-7","article-title":"Non-steady state kinetic analysis of the regulation of Adeny-late Cyclase by GTP-binding proteins.","volume":"37","author":"J Bell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"article-title":"Numerical Approximation of Partial Differential Equations","year":"1997","author":"A Quarteroni","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.01.002","article-title":"Diffusion-limited reactions in G\u2013protein activation: unexpected consequences of antagonist and agonist competition.","volume":"251","author":"C Brinkerhoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"518","article-title":"Mechanism model of G-protein signal transduction.","volume":"53","author":"M L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioch Pharm"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2008.02.005","article-title":"Mathematical modeling and application of genetic algorithm to parameter estimation in signal transduction: Trafficking and promiscuous coupling of G-protein coupled receptors.","volume":"38","author":"C Modchang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00546a016","article-title":"Kinetic studies on the dissociation of adenosine cyclic 3\u2032\u20135\u2032-monophosphate from the regulatory subunit of protein kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle.","volume":"19","author":"V Chau","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochemistry"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T22:02:50Z","timestamp":1739311370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000479"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anand R.","family":"Asthagiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000479","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-7358"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]]}}}