{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:49:15Z","timestamp":1780735755399,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T21:44:13Z","timestamp":1323985453000},"page":"e1002313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Increased Vulnerability of Human Ventricle to Re-entrant Excitation in hERG-linked Variant 1 Short QT Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ismail","family":"Adeniran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"McPate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Witchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules C.","family":"Hancox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henggui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2008.08.009","article-title":"Short QT syndrome. Update on a recent entity.","volume":"101","author":"P Maury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gim.0000204468.85308.86","article-title":"The long QT syndrome family of cardiac ion channelopathies: A HuGE review.","volume":"8","author":"SM Modell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000047299","article-title":"Idiopathic short QT interval: A new clinical syndrome?","volume":"94","author":"I Gussak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.01.022","article-title":"Cellular basis for arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of the SQT1 form of the short QT syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"C Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.03.026","article-title":"Short QT syndrome.","volume":"67","author":"R Schimpf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130409.72142.FE","article-title":"Mutation in the KCNQ1 gene leading to the short QT-interval syndrome.","volume":"109","author":"C Bellocq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109482.92774.3A","article-title":"Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG.","volume":"109","author":"R Brugada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2005.40621.x","article-title":"Short QT syndrome and atrial fibrillation caused by mutation in KCNH2.","volume":"16","author":"K Hong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.06.023","article-title":"De novo KCNQ1 mutation responsible for atrial fibrillation and short QT syndrome in utero.","volume":"68","author":"K Hong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000162101.76263.8c","article-title":"A novel form of short QT syndrome (SQT3) is caused by a mutation in the KCNJ2 gene.","volume":"96","author":"SG Priori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.02.018","article-title":"Modulation of I-Kr inactivation by mutation N588K in KCNH2: A link to arrhythmogenesis in short QT syndrome.","volume":"67","author":"JM Cordeiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.06.112","article-title":"The N588K-HERG K+ channel mutation in the \u2018short QT syndrome\u2019: Mechanism of gain-in-function determined at 37 degrees C.","volume":"334","author":"MJ McPate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"23","article-title":"Comparative Effects of the short QT N588K mutation at 37 degrees C on hERG K(+) channel during ventricular, purkinje firbre and atrial action potentials: an action potential clamp study.","volume":"60","author":"MJ McPate","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000016317","article-title":"Biophysical properties and molecular basis of cardiac rapid and slow delayed rectifier potassium channels.","volume":"9","author":"JS Mitcheson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90529-0","article-title":"Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations - Role of M cells in generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes.","volume":"23","author":"C Antzelevitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000143078.48699.0C","article-title":"Amplified transmural dispersion of repolarization as the basis for arrhythmogenesis in a canine ventricular-wedge model of short-QT syndrome.","volume":"110","author":"F Extramiana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.502","article-title":"Arrhythmogenesis in the short-QT syndrome associated with combined HERG channel gating defects - A simulation study.","volume":"70","author":"H Itoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.04.008","article-title":"Modelling of short QT syndrome in a heterogeneous model of the human ventricular wall.","volume":"7","author":"DL Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.020","article-title":"Repolarisation and vulnerability to re-entry in the human heart with short QT syndrome arising from KCNQ1 mutation - A simulation study.","volume":"96","author":"H Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.07.176","article-title":"In silico study of action potential and QT interval shortening due to loss of inactivation of the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current.","volume":"322","author":"HG Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012690","article-title":"Effects of premature stimulation on HERG K+ channels.","volume":"537","author":"Y Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.09.019","article-title":"A novel computational model of the human ventricular action potential and Ca transient.","volume":"48","author":"E Grandi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002061","article-title":"Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation.","volume":"7","author":"T O'Hara","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-005-1445-z","article-title":"Asymmetrical distribution of ion channels in canine and human left-ventricular wall: epicardium versus midmyocardium.","volume":"450","author":"G Szabo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl185","article-title":"Short QT syndrome: clinical findings and diagnostic-therapeutic implications.","volume":"27","author":"C Giustetto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.048","article-title":"The Short QT Syndrome Proposed Diagnostic Criteria.","volume":"57","author":"MH Gollob","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.01.012","article-title":"High prevalence of early repolarization in short QT syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000016960.61087.86","article-title":"Ionic current basis of electrocardiographic waveforms - A model study.","volume":"90","author":"K Gima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"145","article-title":"Fast creation of endocardial stimulation profiles for the realistic simulation of body surface ECGs.","volume":"25","author":"DUJ Keller","year":"2009","journal-title":"IFMBE World Congr Med Phys Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb02749.x","article-title":"The role of diastolic outward current deactivation kinetics on the induction of spiral waves.","volume":"14","author":"BY Kogan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1573","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00794.2003","article-title":"A model for human ventricular tissue.","volume":"286","author":"K ten Tusscher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1088","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00109.2006","article-title":"Alternans and spiral breakup in a human ventricular tissue model.","volume":"291","author":"K ten Tusscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"H369","article-title":"Transmural heterogeneity of action potentials and Ito1 in myocytes isolated from the human right ventricle.","volume":"275","author":"GR Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1105","article-title":"Inhomogeneous transmural conduction during early ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease.","volume":"32","author":"P Taggart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"801","article-title":"Modeling human ventricular geometry and fiber orientation based on diffusion tensor MRI.","volume":"33","author":"G Seemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H199","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.277.1.H199","article-title":"Pathways of HERG inactivation.","volume":"277","author":"J Kiehn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00293-5","article-title":"Cellular consequences of HERG mutations in the long QT syndrome: precursors to sudden cardiac death.","volume":"50","author":"CE Clancy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.045bl.x","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of the activation and inactivation kinetics of HERG expressed in Xenopus oocytes.","volume":"502","author":"SM Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.325","article-title":"Pharmacology of the short QT syndrome N588K-hERG K(+) channel mutation: differential impact on selected class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs.","volume":"155","author":"MJ McPate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583506004227","article-title":"Computational biology in the study of cardiac ion channels and cell electrophysiology.","volume":"39","author":"Y Rudy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Q Rev Biophys"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/imamat\/6.1.76","article-title":"The convergence of a class of double-rank minimization algorithms 1. General considerations.","volume":"6","author":"CG Broyden","year":"1970","journal-title":"IMA J Appl Math"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/11\/006","article-title":"Simulation of Brugada syndrome using cellular and three-dimensional whole-heart modeling approaches.","volume":"27","author":"L Xia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1978.326270","article-title":"A practical algorithm for solving dynamic membrane equations.","volume":"25","author":"S Rush","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00380-7","article-title":"The contribution of ionic currents to changes in refractoriness of human atrial myocytes associated with chronic atrial fibrillation.","volume":"52","author":"AJ Workman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2946-0_8","article-title":"Cellular responses to elctrical stimulation: a study using a model of the ventricular cardiac action potential.","volume":"346","author":"Y Rudy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.1.140","article-title":"Two components of the delayed rectifier K(+) current in ventricular myocytes of the guinea pig type. Theoretical formulation and their role in repolarization.","volume":"77","author":"JL Zeng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.06.050","article-title":"Models of HERG Gating.","volume":"101","author":"GCL Bett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ABME.0000032461.80932.eb","article-title":"Activation dynamics in anisotropic cardiac tissue via decoupling.","volume":"32","author":"JC Clements","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2005.04.003","article-title":"Simulating patterns of excitation, repolarization and action potential duration with cardiac Bidomain and Monodomain models.","volume":"197","author":"P Colli-Franzone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00167-X","article-title":"Electrophysiologic characteristics of cells spanning the left-ventricular wall of human heart - evidence for presence of M cells.","volume":"26","author":"E Drouin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Echocardiography","author":"H Feigenbaum","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1921","article-title":"Characteristics and distribution of M cells in arterially perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparations.","volume":"98","author":"GX Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2005.01.001","article-title":"An operator splitting method for solving the bidomain equations coupled to a volume conductor model for the torso.","volume":"194","author":"J Sundnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1268776.1268779","article-title":"deal. II - A general-purpose object-oriented finite element library.","volume":"33","author":"W Bangerth","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACM Trans Math Softw"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Finite Element Analysis: From Concepts to Applications","author":"DS Burnett","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4288-8","article-title":"Iterative Solution of Large Sparse Systems of Equations","author":"W Hackbusch","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Thrust: A Parallel Template Library.","author":"J Hoberock","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.41.6.899","article-title":"Total excitation of the isolated human heart.","volume":"41","author":"D Durrer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T12:24:56Z","timestamp":1589027096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002313"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002313","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]}}}