{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:46:25Z","timestamp":1781851585936,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T21:23:44Z","timestamp":1368739424000},"page":"e1003050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Emergence of Environmental Homeostasis in Complex Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"James G.","family":"Dyke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain S.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5402.674","article-title":"13c depleted carbon microparticles in &gt;3700-ma seafloor sedimentary rocks from West Greenland","volume":"283","author":"M Rosing","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1342","article-title":"A neoproterozoic snowball earth","volume":"281","author":"PF Hoffman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"299","article-title":"Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere","volume":"26","author":"JE Lovelock","year":"1974","journal-title":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"58","article-title":"Is nature really motherly?","author":"W Doolittle","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Coevolution Quarterly Spring"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Dawkins R (1983) The Extended Phenotype. London: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/28792","article-title":"Gaia and natural selection","volume":"394","author":"TM Lenton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2007.07.007","article-title":"Do evolution and ecology need the gaia hypothesis?","volume":"22","author":"A Free","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volk T (1998) Gaia&apos;s Body: Toward a Physiology of Earth. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2190-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10432","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800244105","article-title":"Environmental regulation in a network of simulated microbial ecosystems","volume":"105","author":"HTP Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings National Academies of Science"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.1014","article-title":"Gaia as a complex adaptive system","volume":"357","author":"TM Lenton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0382-4","article-title":"Seven misconceptions regarding the gaia hypothesis","volume":"113","author":"D Moody","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00031.x","article-title":"Biological homeostasis of the global environment: the parable of daisyworld","volume":"35B","author":"AJ Watson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0156","article-title":"A numerical model for biodiversity","volume":"338","author":"JE Lovelock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.2105","article-title":"Daisyworld is darwinian: constraints on adaptation are important for planetary self-regulation","volume":"206","author":"TM Lenton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.07.021","article-title":"A fitness based analysis of daisyworld","volume":"249","author":"AJ Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0146","article-title":"Exploiter-mediated co-existence and frequency-dependent selection in a numerical model of biodiversity","volume":"182","author":"SP Harding","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0889.49.issue3.2.x","article-title":"Self stabilization of the biosphere under global change: a tutorial geophysiological approach","volume":"49B","author":"W von Bloh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"RG1001","article-title":"Daisyworld: a review","volume":"46","author":"AJ Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reviews of Geophysics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey IR (2004) Homeostasis and rein control: From daisyworld to active perception. In: Pollack J, Bedau M, Husbands P, Ikegami T, Watson RA, editors. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, ALIFE&apos;9. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 309\u2013314.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1429.003.0052"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.12.016","article-title":"Environmental regulation can arise under minimal assumptions","volume":"251","author":"J McDonald-Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Dyke JG (2009) The Daisyworld control system. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sussex, UK."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1998.0746","article-title":"Integral rein control in physiology","volume":"194","author":"P Saunders","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.2118","article-title":"Integral rein control in physiology ii: A general model","volume":"206","author":"P Saunders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023494111532","article-title":"The gaia hypothesis: conjectures and refutations","volume":"58","author":"JW Kirchner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Elton CS (1966) Animal Ecology. London: Chapman and Hall."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchinson GE (1957) Concluding remarks. In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposium. volume 22, pp. 415\u2013427.","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1957.022.01.039"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Schrodinger E (1944) What is life? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-007-9371-0","article-title":"Islands of fertility induce co-occurring negative and positive plant-soil feedbacks promoting coexistence","volume":"197","author":"G Bonanomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Ecology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2009.09.005","article-title":"Breaking ground: pedological, geological, and ecological implications of soil bioturbation","volume":"97","author":"MT Wilkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01796.x","article-title":"Ecosystem engineering and predation: the multi-trophic impact of two ant species","volume":"80","author":"D Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05169","article-title":"The great oxidation as a bistability in atmospheric oxygen","volume":"443","author":"C Goldblatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5194\/esd-2-139-2011","article-title":"Towards understanding how surface life can affect interior geological processes: a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach","volume":"2","author":"JG Dyke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Earth System Dynamics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/3545850","article-title":"Organisms as ecosystem engineers","volume":"69","author":"CG Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Odling-Smee FJ, Laland KN, Feldman M (2003) Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2012.02705.x","article-title":"Biotic modifiers, environmental modulation and species distribution models","volume":"39","author":"PH Linder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.07.034","article-title":"The importance of timescales for the emergence of environmental self-regulation","volume":"313","author":"IS Weaver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashby WR (1960) Design for a brain. 2nd edition. London: Chapman and Hall.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-1320-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb14005.x","article-title":"Cybernetic implications of rein control in perceptual and conceptual organization","volume":"156","author":"M Clynes","year":"1969","journal-title":"Annals of New York Academy of Science"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1995.0156","article-title":"Regarding mutations in daisyworld models","volume":"175","author":"S Stocker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.02.013","article-title":"Mutation of albedo and growth response produces oscillations in a spatial daisyworld","volume":"242","author":"AJ Wood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/35012234","article-title":"The diversity-stability debate","volume":"405","author":"KS McCann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/238413a0","article-title":"Will a large complex system be stable?","volume":"238","author":"RM May","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/228784a0","article-title":"Connectance of large dynamic (cybernetic) systems: critical values for stability","volume":"228","author":"MA Gardner","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyke JG, McDonald-Gibson J, Di Paolo E, Harvey IR (2007) Increasing complexity can increase stability in a self-regulating ecosystem. In: Almeida e Costa F, Rocha LM, Costa E, Harvey IR, Coutinho A, editors. Proceedings of IXth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 2007. Berlin: Springer, pp. 133\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74913-4_14"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyke JG, Harvey IR (2005) Hysteresis and the limits of homeostasis: from daisyworld to phototaxis. In: Capcarrere M, Freitas A, Bentley J, Johnson C, Timmis J, editors. Proceedings of VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 2005. Berlin: Springer. pp. 241\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1007\/11553090_25"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volk T (2004) Gaia is life in a wasteworld of byproducts. In: Schneider SH, Miller JR, Crist E, Boston P, editors. Scientists Debate Gaia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 26\u201336.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262194983.003.0004"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634","article-title":"What are bacterial species?","volume":"56","author":"FM Cohan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Microbiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2009.06.017","article-title":"Notes from the greenhouse world: A study in coevolution, planetary sustainability, and community structure","volume":"69","author":"L Worden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T20:57:03Z","timestamp":1715374623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003050"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Simon A.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]]}}}