{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:12:44Z","timestamp":1771636364063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T20:48:08Z","timestamp":1371156488000},"page":"e1003097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["A Forced Damped Oscillation Framework for Undulatory Swimming Provides New Insights into How Propulsion Arises in Active and Passive Swimming"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Amneet Pal Singh","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyce E.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelesh A.","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011564107","article-title":"Interactions between internal forces, body stiffness, and fluid environment in a neuromechanical model of lamprey swimming","volume":"107","author":"ED Tytell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092201","article-title":"Passive and Active Flow Controls by Swimming Fishes and Mammals","volume":"38","author":"FE Fish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-009-0765-8","article-title":"Swimming hydrodynamics: ten questions and the technical approaches needed to resolve them","volume":"51","author":"GV Lauder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Fluids"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088295","article-title":"Fish Exploiting Vortices Decrease Muscle Activity","volume":"302","author":"JC Liao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112009991741","article-title":"Passive and active bodies in vortex-street wakes","volume":"642","author":"S Alben","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.73.1372","article-title":"Behavior of a falling paper","volume":"73","author":"Y Tanabe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002810","article-title":"Mechanics of Undulatory Swimming in a Frictional Fluid","volume":"8","author":"Y Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172490","article-title":"Undulatory swimming in sand: Subsurface locomotion of the sandfish lizard","volume":"325","author":"R Maladen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809095106","article-title":"Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media","volume":"106","author":"C Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark J, Goldman D, Lin P, Lynch G, Chen T, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2007) Design of a bio-inspired dynamical vertical climbing robot. In: Proceedings of Robotics Science and Systems III; Jun 27\u201330, 2007; Atlanta, Georgia, United States.","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2007.III.002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2010.0678","article-title":"Mechanical models of sandfish locomotion reveal principles of high performance subsurface sand-swimming","volume":"8","author":"R Maladen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-010-9347-1","article-title":"The effect of limb kinematics on the speed of a legged robot on granular media","volume":"50","author":"C Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental mechanics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"038101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.038101","article-title":"Kinematics of the Most Efficient Cilium","volume":"109","author":"C Eloy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061905","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.061905","article-title":"Energetics of synchronized states in three-dimensional beating agella","volume":"84","author":"C Mettot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"058103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.058103","article-title":"Comparative hydrodynamics of bacterial polymorphism","volume":"106","author":"SE Spagnolie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041916","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.041916","article-title":"Floppy swimming: Viscous locomotion of actuated elastica","volume":"75","author":"E Lauga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"029801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.029801","article-title":"Comment on \u201coptimal stroke patterns for Purcell&apos;s three-link swimmer\u201d","volume":"100","author":"O Raz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3318497","article-title":"The optimal elastic agellum","volume":"22","author":"SE Spagnolie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Fluids"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112074000279","article-title":"Optimal swimming of agellated micro-organisms","volume":"66","author":"O Pironneau","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.186001","article-title":"Optimal Swimming at Low Reynolds Numbers","volume":"93","author":"JE Avron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04090","article-title":"Microscopic artificial swimmers","volume":"437","author":"R Dreyfus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112008000384","article-title":"Shape optimization of a sheet swimming over a thin liquid layer","volume":"601","author":"J Wilkening","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"096601","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/72\/9\/096601","article-title":"The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms","volume":"72","author":"E Lauga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rep Prog Phys"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02526","article-title":"Simulations of optimized anguilliform swimming","volume":"209","author":"S Kern","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Expt Biol"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonlinear Muscles, Passive Viscoelasticity and Body Taper Conspire To Create Neuromechanical Phase Lags in Anguilliform Swimmers","volume":"4","author":"T McMillen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Bio"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0441","article-title":"Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming","volume":"354","author":"O Ekeberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01185408","article-title":"A combined neuronal and mechanical model of fish swimming","volume":"69","author":"O Ekeberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biological Cybernetics"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-006-0036-8","article-title":"An elastic rod model for anguilliform swimming","volume":"53","author":"T McMillen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962492902000077","article-title":"The immersed boundary method","volume":"11","author":"CS Peskin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Numer"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2006.08.019","article-title":"An adaptive, formally second order accurate version of the immersed boundary method","volume":"223","author":"BE Griffth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.1445","article-title":"Immersed boundary model of aortic heart valve dynamics with physiological driving and loading conditions","volume":"28","author":"BE Griffith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4208\/cicp.120111.300911s","article-title":"On the volume conservation of the immersed boundary method","volume":"12","author":"BE Griffith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1952.0159","article-title":"Analysis of the swimming of long and narrow animals","volume":"214","author":"G Taylor","year":"1952","journal-title":"Proc Roy Proc Lond A"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1137\/1018040","article-title":"Flagellar hydrodynamics","volume":"18","author":"J Lighthill","year":"1976","journal-title":"SIAM Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lighthill J (1975) Mathematical biouiddynamics. Philadelphia, PA: SIAM.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970517"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510903268381","article-title":"Swimming at low Reynolds number: a beginner&apos;s guide to undulatory locomotion","volume":"51","author":"N Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contemporary Physics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112005007925","article-title":"Passive propulsion in vortex wakes","volume":"549","author":"DN Beal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00821","article-title":"Swimming of larval zebrafish: ontogeny of body waves and implications for locomotory development","volume":"207","author":"UK M\u00fcller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"A unified mathematical framework and an adaptive numerical method for uid-structure interaction with rigid, deforming, and elastic bodies","author":"APS Bhalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.12.006","article-title":"A new mathematical formulational and fast algorithm for fully resolved simulation of self-propulsion","volume":"228","author":"AA Shirgaonkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2010.03.026","article-title":"A versatile implicit iterative approach for fully resolved simulations of self-propulsion","volume":"199","author":"OM Curet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"IBAMR: An adaptive and distributed-memory parallel implementation of the immersed boundary method. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ibamr.googlecode.com\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ibamr.googlecode.com<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"GSL: GNU Scientific Library. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/gsl\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/gsl\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.13.2.192","article-title":"Studies in animal locomotion VI. The propulsive powers of the dolphin","volume":"13","author":"J Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Expt Biol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00292.x","article-title":"Dolphin swimming - a review","volume":"21","author":"FE Fish","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mamm Rev"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrodynamics and energetics of fish propulsion","volume":"190","author":"PW Webb","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Fish Res Bd Can"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T02:25:07Z","timestamp":1645755907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003097"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]}}}