{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:06:01Z","timestamp":1787115961581,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T13:41:52Z","timestamp":1404999712000},"page":"e1003716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":315,"title":["On the Use of Human Mobility Proxies for Modeling Epidemics"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Tizzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bajardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Decuyper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Kon Kam King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Smoreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Colizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Eurostat, Tourism Statistics. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/portal\/page\/portal\/tourism\/introduction\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/portal\/page\/portal\/tourism\/introduction<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau, Commuting (Journey to Work). Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/commuting\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/commuting\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"UK Data Service Census, Census Flow Data. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/census.ukdataservice.ac.uk\/get-data\/flow-data.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/census.ukdataservice.ac.uk\/get-data\/flow-data.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Institut national de la statistique et des \u00e9tudes \u00e9conomiques, Bases sur les flux de mobilit\u00e9: mobilit\u00e9s professionnelles. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/bases-de-donnees\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/bases-de-donnees\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Statistics Portugal. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ine.pt\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ine.pt<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, Encuesta de poblaci\u00f3n activa. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ine.es\/inebaseDYN\/epa30308\/epa_inicio.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ine.es\/inebaseDYN\/epa30308\/epa_inicio.htm<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016364","article-title":"Travel Patterns in China","volume":"6","author":"T Garske","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-34","article-title":"Predictability and epidemic pathways in global outbreaks of infectious diseases: the SARS case study","volume":"5","author":"V Colizza","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308344101","article-title":"Forecast and control of epidemics in a globalized world","volume":"101","author":"L Hufnagel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0904559","article-title":"Spread of a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus via Global Airline Transportation","volume":"361","author":"K Kahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-45","article-title":"Seasonal transmission potential and activity peaks of the new influenza A(H1N1): a Monte Carlo likelihood analysis based on human mobility","volume":"7","author":"D Balcan","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125237","article-title":"Synchrony, waves, and spatial hierarchies in the spread of influenza","volume":"312","author":"C Viboud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083002","article-title":"Commuter Mobility and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: Application to Influenza in France","volume":"9","author":"S Charaudeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21484","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906910106","article-title":"Multiscale mobility networks and the large scale spreading of infectious diseases,","volume":"106","author":"D Balcan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1790","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001790","article-title":"Mitigation Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Italy: An Individual Based Model Considering Different Scenarios","volume":"3","author":"ML Ciofi degli Atti","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04017","article-title":"Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia","volume":"437","author":"NM Ferguson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ort\u00fazar J deD, Willumsen LG (2001) Modelling Transport, Fourth Edition. Wiley. 606p. doi:10.1002\/9781119993308","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119993308"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10856","article-title":"A universal model for mobility and migratory patterns","volume":"484","author":"F Simini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002699","article-title":"Evaluating the Adequacy of Gravity Models as a Description of Human Mobility for Epidemic Modelling","volume":"8","author":"J Truscott","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1681","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1605","article-title":"The role of population heterogeneity and human mobility in the spread of pandemic influenza","volume":"277","author":"S Merler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06958","article-title":"Understanding individual human mobility patterns","volume":"453","author":"MC Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177170","article-title":"Limits of predictability in human mobility","volume":"327","author":"C Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1760","article-title":"Modelling the scaling proper- ties of human mobility","volume":"6","author":"C Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Phys"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223467","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of human mobility on malaria","volume":"338","author":"A Wesolowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001083","article-title":"Improved response to disasters and outbreaks by tracking population movements with mobile phone network data: a post-earthquake geospatial study in Haiti","volume":"8","author":"L Bengtsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-287","article-title":"The use of mobile phone data for the estimation of the travel patterns and imported Plasmodium falciparum rates among Zanzibar residents","volume":"8","author":"AJ Tatem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00093","article-title":"Travel risk, malaria importation and malaria transmission in Zanzibar","volume":"1","author":"A Le Menach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203882109","article-title":"Predictability of population displacement after the 2010 Haiti earthquake","volume":"109","author":"X Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Lima A, De Domenico M, Pejovic V, Musolesi M (2013) Exploiting Cellular Data for Disease Containment and Information Campaigns Strategies in Country-Wide Epidemics. Third International Conference on the Analysis of Mobile Phone Datasets (NETMOB&apos;13). Boston, USA. May 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035319","article-title":"Heterogeneous Mobile Phone Ownership and Usage Patterns in Kenya","volume":"7","author":"A Wesolowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Divided We Call: Disparities in Access and Use of Mobile Phones in Rwanda","volume":"8","author":"JE Blumenstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information Technology and International Development"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01376","article-title":"Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility","volume":"3","author":"YA de Montjoye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1941","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001941","article-title":"Measles on the Edge: Coastal Heterogeneities and Infection Dynamics","volume":"3","author":"N Bharti","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020814","article-title":"Interplay between Telecommunications and Face-to-Face Interactions: A Study Using Mobile Phone Data","volume":"6","author":"F Calabrese","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039253","article-title":"Socio-Geography of Human Mobility: A Study Using Longitudinal Mobile Phone Data","volume":"7","author":"S Phithakkitnukoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45745","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045745","article-title":"Weather Effects on Mobile Social Interactions: A Case Study of Mobile Phone Users in Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"7","author":"S Phithakkitnukoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081707","article-title":"Delineating Geographical Regions with Networks of Human Interactions in an Extensive Set of Countries","volume":"8","author":"S Sobolevsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0246","article-title":"Unravelling daily human mobility motifs","volume":"10","author":"CM Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022812","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.88.022812","article-title":"Gravity versus radiation models: On the importance of scale and heterogeneity in commuting flows","volume":"88","author":"AP Masucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Hanski I, Gilpin ME (1997) Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution. Academic Press, San Diego."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keeling MJ, Rohani P (2008) Modeling infectious diseases in humans and animals. Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400841035"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2009.11.002","article-title":"The role of routine versus random movements on the spread of disease in Great Britain","volume":"1","author":"L Danon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh092","article-title":"Containing pandemic influenza with antiviral agents","volume":"159","author":"IM Longini Jr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115717","article-title":"Containing pandemic influenza at the source","volume":"309","author":"IM Longini Jr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176062","article-title":"Pandemic potential of a strain of influenza A(H1N1): early findings","volume":"324","author":"C Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.042","article-title":"Lessons from pandemic influenza A(H1N1): The research-based vaccine industry&apos;s perspective","volume":"29, 6","author":"A Abelin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"50","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2010.0142","article-title":"Modelling the influence of human behaviour on the spread of infectious diseases: a review","volume":"7","author":"S Funk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Roy Soc Interface"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00062","article-title":"Modeling human mobility responses to the large-scale spreading of infectious diseases","volume":"1","author":"S Meloni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000481","article-title":"The role of human movement in the transmission of vector-borne pathogens","volume":"3","author":"ST Stoddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-68","article-title":"Usefulness of commercially available GPS data-loggers for tracking human movement and exposure to dengue virus","volume":"8","author":"GM Vazquez-Prokopec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210554","article-title":"Explaining seasonal fluctuations of measles in Niger using nighttime lights imagery","volume":"334","author":"N Bharti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02923","article-title":"Approaching the Limit of Predictability in Human Mobility","volume":"3","author":"X Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1766","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0763","article-title":"Human mobility patterns predict divergent epidemic dynamics among cities","volume":"280","author":"BD Dalziel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-165","article-title":"Real-time numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading: case study of 2009 A\/H1N1pdm","volume":"10","author":"M Tizzoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9830-4","article-title":"Underestimating the effects of spatial heterogeneity due to individual movement and spatial scale: infectious disease as an example","volume":"28","author":"PC Cross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Landscape Ecol"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Isaacman S, Becker R, Caceres R, Kobourov S, Martonosi M, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2011). Identifying Important Places in People&apos;s Lives from Cellular Network Data. In: Lyons K, Hightower J, Huang EM, editors. Pervasive Computing, 9th International Conference, Pervasive 2011, Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 133\u2013151 p."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2012.11.040","article-title":"Exploring the mobility of mobile phone users","volume":"392","author":"BC Csaji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto V, Frias-Martinez V, Virseda J, Frias-Martinez E (2011) Prediction of Socioeconomic Levels Using Cell Phone Records. In: Konstan JA, Conejo R, Marzo JL, Oliver N, editors. User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization. 19th International Conference UMAP Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 377\u2013388.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22362-4_35"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120986","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0986","article-title":"The impact of biases in mobile phone ownership on estimates of human mobility","volume":"10","author":"A Wesolowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Bishop YMM, Fienberg SE, Holland PW (1975) Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice. MIT Press."},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"MKW Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH &amp; Empirica Kft (2009) Scientific Report on the Mobility of Cross-Border Workers within the EU-27\/EEA\/EFTA Countries. Final report to the European Commission. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/BlobServlet?docId=3459&langId=en\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/BlobServlet?docId=3459&amp;langId=en<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0536","article-title":"Rural\u2013urban gradient in seasonal forcing of measles transmission in Niger","volume":"277","author":"MJ Ferrari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130388","article-title":"New Strategies for the Elimination of Polio from India","volume":"314","author":"NC Grassly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304459","article-title":"Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus","volume":"368","author":"R Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"20285","article-title":"Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction","volume":"217","author":"V Corman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Assessment of the MERS-CoV epidemic situation in the Middle East region","author":"C Poletto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T13:44:02Z","timestamp":1565617442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003716"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"Salath\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003716","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]]}}}