{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:42:24Z","timestamp":1768891344780,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T19:22:35Z","timestamp":1406834555000},"page":"e1003730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Antibody Responses during Hepatitis B Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stanca M.","family":"Ciupe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruy M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Perelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Hollinger F, Liang T (2001) Fields Virology, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins. 4th edition, pp. 2971\u20133036."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1573","article-title":"Immunology of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"5","author":"B Rehermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-67-11-2467","article-title":"Virus-neutralizing antibodies to hepatitis B virus: The nature of an immunogenic epitope to the S gene peptide","volume":"67","author":"J Waters","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.10.3442","article-title":"Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"145","author":"C Ferrari","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80295-2","article-title":"Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus by cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"4","author":"L Guidotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.5.2255-2264.2000","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and other hepatotropic viruses to the antiviral effects of cytokines","volume":"74","author":"H McClary","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504273102","article-title":"Interferon prevents formation of replication-competent hepatitis B virus RNA-containing nucleocapsids","volume":"102","author":"S Wieland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4165-4173.2000","article-title":"Intrahepatic induction of Alpha\/Beta interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice","volume":"74","author":"S Wieland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603626104","article-title":"The role of cells refractory to productive infection in acute hepatitis B viral dynamics","volume":"104","author":"S Ciupe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.3.1495-1505.2000","article-title":"Apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes during recovery from transient hepadnavirus infections","volume":"74","author":"J Guo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64980-2","article-title":"Viruses, immunity, and cancer: lessons from hepatitis B","volume":"156","author":"F Chisari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50310","article-title":"Kinetics of the immune response during HBV and HCV infection","volume":"38","author":"A Bertoletti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai C, Locarnini S (2002) Hepatitis B virus. London, UK: International Medical Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-227555-1\/00099-X"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"307","article-title":"Hepatitis B surface antigen circulating immune complexes (HBsAg-CICs) in patients with bleeding disorders","volume":"35","author":"N Anh-Tuan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Immunol Meth"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"673","article-title":"Chronic liver disease: the detection and characterization of circulating immune complexes","volume":"49","author":"S Brown","year":"1983","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01934-08","article-title":"Correlation of virus and host response markers with circulating immune complexes during acute and chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection","volume":"83","author":"D Glebe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"164","article-title":"IgG subclass composition of antibodies to HBsAg in circulating immune complexes from patients with hepatitis B virus infections","volume":"72","author":"S Rath","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-012-0267-9","article-title":"Host factors involved in hepatitis B virus maturation, assembly, and egress","volume":"201","author":"R Prange","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Ganem D, Schneider R (2001) Hepadnaviridae: The viruses and their replication. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams &amp; Wilkins, 4th edition, 2924 pp."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.22","article-title":"Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnaviral entry","volume":"13","author":"D Glebe","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"61","article-title":"Assembly of hepadnaviral virions and subviral particles","volume":"168","author":"D Ganem","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505062102","article-title":"Hepatitis B small surface antigen particles are octahedral","volume":"102","author":"R Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01363.x","article-title":"Morphogenesis of hepatitis B virus and its subviral envelope particles","volume":"11","author":"R Patient","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00905-09","article-title":"Drastic reduction in the production of subviral particles does not impair hepatitis B virus virion secretion","volume":"83","author":"T Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.4398","article-title":"Viral dynamics in hepatitis B infection","volume":"93","author":"M Nowak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak M, May R (2000) Virus Dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198504184.001.0001"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/nri700","article-title":"Modelling viral and immune system dynamics","volume":"2","author":"A Perelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5255.1582","article-title":"HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time","volume":"271","author":"A Perelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.1076","article-title":"Modeling plasma virus concentration during primary HIV infection","volume":"203","author":"M Stafford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28509","article-title":"Analysis of hepatitis B viral load decline under potent therapy:complex decay profiles observed","volume":"34","author":"S Lewin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290626","article-title":"Biphasic clearance kinetics of hepatitis B virus from patients during adefovir dipivoxil therapy","volume":"29","author":"M Tsiang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"G905","article-title":"Control of rate and extent of the proliferative response after partial hepatectomy","volume":"273","author":"L Lambotte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5309.60","article-title":"Liver regeneration","volume":"276","author":"G Michalopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.02.017","article-title":"Modeling the mechanisms of acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"247","author":"S Ciupe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6971","article-title":"Virus dynamics and drug therapy","volume":"94","author":"S Bonhoeffer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro R, Dixit N, Perelson A (2006) Modelling the in vivo growth rate of HIV: implications for vaccination. Multidisciplinary approaches to theory in medicine. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 231\u2013246 pp.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-0831(06)80017-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak M, May R (2001) Virus dynamics: Mathematical principles of immunology and virology. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198504184.001.0001"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508913102","article-title":"Dynamics of hepatitis B virus clearance in chimpanzees","volume":"102","author":"J Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.12.022","article-title":"Analysis of intrahepatic HBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells during and after acute HBV infection in humans","volume":"45","author":"D Sprengers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-010-0397-x","article-title":"Modeling the adaptive immune response in HBV infection","volume":"63","author":"N Yousfi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.034","article-title":"Use of laser capture microdissection to map hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocytes in human liver","volume":"145","author":"A Kandathil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(77)90012-1","article-title":"Mathematical model of immune processes","volume":"65","author":"B Dibrov","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0127","article-title":"Exploring the mechanisms of primary antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens","volume":"181","author":"M Oprea","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser C, Krieger M, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2004) Molecular Cell Biology. San Francisco, CA: WH Freeman &amp; Co, 5th edition."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherlock S, Dooley J (2002) Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 11 edition, 1\u20139 pp.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470986820"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22874","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus clearance rate estimates","volume":"49","author":"H Dahari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"517","article-title":"Consensus of a group of professional societies and diagnostic companies on guidelines for interim reference ranges for 14 proteins in serum based on the standardization against the IFCC\/BCR\/CAP reference material (CRM 470)","volume":"34","author":"F Dati","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03545.x","article-title":"Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in a general adult population and their relationship with alcohol consumption, smoking and common metabolic abnormalities","volume":"151","author":"A Gonzalez-Quintela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106279","article-title":"Metabolic properties of IgG subclasses in man","volume":"49","author":"A Morell","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"196","article-title":"Selectivity in IgG subclass response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers","volume":"72","author":"M Rossi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"164","article-title":"IgG subclass composition of antibodies to HBsAg in circulating immune complexes from patients with hepatitis B virus infections","volume":"72","author":"S Rath","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.18.9972","article-title":"Unbinding forces of single antibody-antigen complexes correlate with their thermal dissociation rates","volume":"97","author":"F Schwesinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Antibody affinity. VIII. measurement of affinity of anti-lactose antibody by fluorescence quenching with a DNP-containing ligand","volume":"114","author":"P Gopalakrishnan","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1257","article-title":"Early high-affinity neutralizing anti-viral IgG responses without further overall improvements of affinity","volume":"92","author":"H Roost","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/5576","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibodies accelerate clearance of cell-free virions from blood plasma","volume":"5","author":"T Igarashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02529-0","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of a large outbreak of hepatitis B linked to autohaemotherapy","volume":"356","author":"G Webster","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.7.847","article-title":"Kinetics of acute hepatitis B virus infection in humans","volume":"193","author":"S Whalley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-9-2091","article-title":"Occupancy and mechanism in antibody- mediated neutralization of animal viruses","volume":"83","author":"P Klasse","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3500-3508.2005","article-title":"Stoichiometry of antibody neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"79","author":"X Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.06.004","article-title":"Restricted occupancy models for neutralization of HIV virions and populations","volume":"283","author":"C Magnus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002900","article-title":"Virus neutralisation: New insights from kinetic neutralisation curves","volume":"9","author":"C Magnus","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"IgG Human ELISA Kit ab100547 <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.abcam.com\/IgG-Human-ELISA-Kit-ab100547.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.abcam.com\/IgG-Human-ELISA-Kit-ab100547.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2003.10.011","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear lumped parameter model of HIV infection dynamics","volume":"66","author":"D Bortz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.048","article-title":"Model for competition from self during passive immunization, with application to broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV","volume":"30","author":"A Tabei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12449","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01708-08","article-title":"Initial B-cell responses to transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1: virion-binding immunoglobulin IgM and IgG antibodies followed by plasma anti-gp41 antibodies with ineffective control of initial viremia","volume":"82","author":"G Tomaras","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"282","article-title":"Hepatitis B immunization: vaccine types, efficacy, and indications for immunization","volume":"12","author":"S Hadler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Clin Top Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00008","article-title":"Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccination: results of a 15-year follow-up","volume":"142","author":"B McMahon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1086\/606119","article-title":"Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: Results of a 22-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose","volume":"200","author":"B McMahon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.6.656","article-title":"Immunoglobulin concentrations in sera of normal children: quantitation against an international reference preparation","volume":"20","author":"J Cejka","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21731","article-title":"The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002","volume":"118","author":"D Parkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.54.2.86","article-title":"Recovery efficiencies of nucleic acid extraction kits as measured by quantitative LightCycler TM PCR","volume":"54","author":"S Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Path"}],"container-title":["PLoS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T01:19:08Z","timestamp":1746321548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003730"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roland R.","family":"Regoes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}}}