{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:26:03Z","timestamp":1776403563721,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T19:30:18Z","timestamp":1426879818000},"page":"e1004082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["On the Number of Neurons and Time Scale of Integration Underlying the Formation of Percepts in the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Wohrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian K.","family":"Machens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.02.013","article-title":"Variability in neural activity and behavior","volume":"25","author":"A Renart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-09-03032.1990","article-title":"Frequency discrimination in the sense of flutter: psychophysical measurements correlated with postcentral events in behaving monkeys","volume":"10","author":"V Mountcastle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04745.1992","article-title":"The analysis of visual motion: a comparison of neuronal and psychophysical performance","volume":"12","author":"KH Britten","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.2.359","article-title":"Neural activity in mechanoreceptive cutaneous afferents: Stimulus-response relations, weber functions, and information transmission","volume":"28","author":"G Werner","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.2.301","article-title":"The sense of flutter-vibration: comparison of the human capacity with response patterns of mechanoreceptive afferents from the monkey hand","volume":"31","author":"W Talbot","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1058","article-title":"Flutter discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making","volume":"4","author":"R Romo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038","article-title":"The neural basis of decision making","volume":"30","author":"JI Gold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03870.1998","article-title":"The variable discharge of cortical neurons: implications for connectivity, computation, and information coding","volume":"18","author":"MN Shadlen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016827","article-title":"The effect of correlated variability on the accuracy of a population code","volume":"11","author":"LF Abbott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural computation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888","article-title":"Neural correlations, population coding and computation","volume":"7","author":"BB Averbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03515.2003","article-title":"Contribution of middle temporal area to coarse depth discrimination: comparison of neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"T Uka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6635","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5179-08.2009","article-title":"Estimates of the contribution of single neurons to perception depend on timescale and noise correlation","volume":"29","author":"MR Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14036","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2336-10.2010","article-title":"Timescales of sensory- and decision-related activity in the middle temporal and medial superior temporal areas","volume":"30","author":"NSC Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Signal detection theory and psychophysics","volume":"volume 1974","author":"D Green","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380000715X","article-title":"A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual response of neurons in macaque MT","volume":"13","author":"KH Britten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605826103","article-title":"Neural correlate of subjective sensory experience gradually builds up across cortical areas","volume":"103","author":"V de Lafuente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01486.1996","article-title":"A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion","volume":"76","author":"MN Shadlen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.05.002","article-title":"Correlations between the activity of sensory neurons and behavior: how much do they tell us about a neuron\u2019s causality?","volume":"20","author":"H Nienborg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current opinion in neurobiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3309","article-title":"Inferring decoding strategies from choice probabilities in the presence of correlated variability","volume":"16","author":"RM Haefner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07821","article-title":"Decision-related activity in sensory neurons reflects more than a neuron\u2019s causal effect","volume":"459","author":"H Nienborg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120018597","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of sensory discrimination in the somatosensory cortex","volume":"97","author":"A Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.61.5.900","article-title":"Dynamics of neuronal firing correlation: modulation of \u201ceffective connectivity\u201d","volume":"61","author":"AM Aertsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1513","article-title":"Neural codes for perceptual discrimination in primary somatosensory cortex","volume":"8","author":"R Luna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2434","article-title":"Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light-sheet microscopy","volume":"10","author":"MB Ahrens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature methods"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00065","article-title":"Fast functional imaging of multiple brain regions in intact zebrafish larvae using selective plane illumination microscopy","volume":"7","author":"T Panier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in neural circuits"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.019","article-title":"Whole-brain activity maps reveal stereotyped, distributed networks for visuomotor behavior","volume":"81","author":"R Portugues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7","article-title":"The elements of statistical learning","author":"T Hastie","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.09.004","article-title":"Population-wide distributions of neural activity during perceptual decision-making","volume":"103","author":"A Wohrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2469","article-title":"Linear readout from a neural population with partial correlation data","volume":"23","author":"A Wohrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"539","article-title":"Inferring neural population dynamics from multiple partial recordings of the same neural circuit","author":"S Turaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003258","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003258","article-title":"Predictive coding of dynamical variables in balanced spiking networks","volume":"9","author":"M Boerlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001080","article-title":"Spike-based population coding and working memory","volume":"7","author":"M Boerlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-011-0342-z","article-title":"The ising decoder: reading out the activity of large neural ensembles","volume":"32","author":"M Schaub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/nn924","article-title":"Dynamics of neuronal responses in macaque mt and vip during motion detection","volume":"5","author":"EP Cook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2485","article-title":"Perceptual decision making in less than 30 milliseconds","volume":"13","author":"TR Stanford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19551","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019551","article-title":"Bayesian inference underlies the contraction bias in delayed comparison tasks","volume":"6","author":"P Ashourian","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.021","article-title":"Odor representations in olfactory cortex: distributed rate coding and decorrelated population activity","volume":"74","author":"K Miura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"An introduction to the theory of point processes","volume":"volume 1","author":"D Daley","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.11.005.2008","article-title":"Brian: a simulator for spiking neural networks in python","volume":"2","author":"D Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Frontiers in neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(98)00016-6","article-title":"Expected classification error of the fisher linear classifier with pseudoinverse covariance matrix","volume":"19","author":"S Raudys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.186","article-title":"Accuracy of pseudo-inverse covariance learning\u2013a random matrix theory analysis","volume":"33","author":"DC Hoyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Pattern recognition and machine learning","author":"CM Bishop","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T01:58:56Z","timestamp":1566439136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004082"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Pillow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]}}}