{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:21:22Z","timestamp":1774974082578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual European Fellowship","award":["PIEF-GA-2012 Grant 328822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIEF-GA-2012 Grant 328822"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC Consolidator Grant 617629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC Consolidator Grant 617629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council studentship"},{"name":"Royal Society University Research Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T17:28:28Z","timestamp":1466443708000},"page":"e1004953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["The Computational Development of Reinforcement Learning during Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Palminteri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0360-3769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma J.","family":"Kilford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Coricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah-Jayne","family":"Blakemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.12.005","article-title":"Cognitive and affective development in adolescence","volume":"9","author":"L Steinberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3177","article-title":"Decision-making in the adolescent brain","volume":"15","author":"S-J Blakemore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2014.01.001","article-title":"Risk, adaptation and the functional teenage brain","volume":"89","author":"H Sercombe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.09.008","article-title":"Brain and Cognition Examining the link between adolescent brain development and risk taking from a social\u2014developmental perspective","volume":"83","author":"T Willoughby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Cogn. Elsevier Inc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115202","article-title":"Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing?","volume":"65","author":"S-J Blakemore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond Simple Models of Self-Control to Circuit-Based Accounts of Adolescent Behavior","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60106-2","article-title":"50-year mortality trends in children and young people: A study of 50 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries","volume":"377","author":"RM Viner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60149-4","article-title":"Adolescent Health 2 Adolescence and the social determinants of health","volume":"379","author":"RM Viner","journal-title":"Lancet. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2357","article-title":"A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making","volume":"9","author":"A Rangel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"299","article-title":"Neuroeconomics Decis Mak Brain Second Ed. Neuroecono","author":"ND Daw","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992698","article-title":"Q-learning","volume":"8","author":"CJCH Watkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"64","article-title":"Classical conditioning II: current research and theory","author":"RA Rescorla","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001093","article-title":"Counterfactual Choice and Learning in a Neural Network Centered on Human Lateral Frontopolar Cortex","volume":"9","author":"ED Boorman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.006","article-title":"Real and fictive outcomes are processed differently but converge on a common adaptive mechanism","volume":"79","author":"AG Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron. Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8096","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9096","article-title":"Contextual modulation of value signals in reward and punishment learning","volume":"6","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3758\/LB.38.1.50","article-title":"Two-factor theory, the actor-critic model, and conditioned avoidance","volume":"38","author":"T V Maia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learn Behav a Psychon Soc Publ"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Hemispheric dissociation of reward processing in humans: Insights from deep brain stimulation","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094285","article-title":"Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning","volume":"304","author":"JP O\u2019Doherty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14624","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3412-11.2011","article-title":"Decoding the formation of reward predictions across learning","volume":"31","author":"T Kahnt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neural mechanisms and temporal dynamics of performance monitoring","author":"M Ullsperger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0474","article-title":"An evolutionary computational theory of prefrontal executive function in decision-making An evolutionary computational theory of prefrontal executive function in decision-making","volume":"369","author":"E Koechlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.017","article-title":"Critical Roles for Anterior Insula and Dorsal Striatum in Punishment-Based Avoidance Learning","volume":"76","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.03.012","article-title":"Changes in cerebral functional organization during cognitive development","volume":"15","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.10.009","article-title":"A developmental neurobiological model of motivated behavior: Anatomy, connectivity and ontogeny of the triadic nodes","volume":"33","author":"M Ernst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015156","article-title":"Beyond simple models of self-control to circuit-based accounts of adolescent behavior","volume":"66","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol. Annual Reviews"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.12.010","article-title":"The Dual Systems Model: Review, Reappraisal, and Reaffirmation","volume":"17","author":"EP Shulman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1162\/0033553041502225","article-title":"A cognitive hierarchy model of games","volume":"119","author":"CF Camerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.09.008","article-title":"Does the brain calculate value?","volume":"15","author":"I Vlaev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.09.003","article-title":"When is a loss a loss? Excitatory and inhibitory processes in loss-related decision-making","volume":"5","author":"B Seymour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003441","article-title":"VBA: A Probabilistic Treatment of Nonlinear Models for Neurobiological and Behavioural Data","volume":"10","author":"J Daunizeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3771","article-title":"Anterior cingulate engagement in a foraging context reflects choice difficulty, not foraging value","volume":"17","author":"A Shenhav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.01.003","article-title":"Action versus valence in decision making","volume":"18","author":"M Guitart-Masip","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941","article-title":"By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism","volume":"306","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223252","article-title":"Preference by Association: How Memory Mechanisms in the Hippocampus Bias Decisions","volume":"338","author":"GE Wimmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.027","article-title":"Twenty-five lessons from computational neuromodulation","volume":"76","author":"P Dayan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron. Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19179","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904035106","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of subliminal learning in Parkinson\u2019s and Tourette&apos;s syndromes","volume":"106","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05051","article-title":"Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans","volume":"442","author":"M Pessiglione","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.10.1014","article-title":"Convergence and plasticity of monoaminergic systems in the medial prefrontal cortex during the postnatal period: implications for the development of psychopathology","volume":"10","author":"FM Benes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5064-07.2008","article-title":"Transient D1 dopamine receptor expression on prefrontal cortex projection neurons: relationship to enhanced motivational salience of drug cues in adolescence","volume":"28","author":"HC Brenhouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000362328","article-title":"The developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation during adolescence","volume":"36","author":"KL Mills","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci. Karger Publishers"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/13158","article-title":"Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study","volume":"2","author":"JN Giedd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21572","article-title":"Frontostriatal maturation predicts cognitive control failure to appetitive cues in adolescents","volume":"23","author":"LH Somerville","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402680101","article-title":"Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood","volume":"101","author":"N Gogtay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014983","article-title":"Affective and deliberative processes in risky choice: Age differences in risk taking in the Columbia Card Task","volume":"35","author":"B Figner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.08.003","article-title":"The ubiquity of model-based reinforcement learning","volume":"22","author":"BB Doll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2014.10.004","article-title":"The structure of reinforcement-learning mechanisms in the human brain","volume":"1","author":"JP O\u2019Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.016","article-title":"States versus rewards: Dissociable neural prediction error signals underlying model-based and model-free reinforcement learning","volume":"66","author":"J Gl\u00e4scher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.08.009","article-title":"Disruption of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Decreases Model-Based in Favor of Model-free Control in Humans","volume":"80","author":"P Smittenaar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron. The Authors"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1560","article-title":"Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control","volume":"8","author":"ND Daw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.12.006","article-title":"Beyond simple models of adolescence to an integrated circuit-based account: A commentary","volume":"17","author":"B Casey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00447","article-title":"Neural and psychological maturation of decision-making in adolescence and young adulthood","volume":"25","author":"A Christakou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00677","article-title":"Adolescents adapt more slowly than adults to varying reward contingencies","volume":"26","author":"AH Javadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9495","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1485-08.2008","article-title":"Evaluating the negative or valuing the positive? Neural mechanisms supporting feedback-based learning across development","volume":"28","author":"ACK van Duijvenvoorde","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci. Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.09.052.2009","article-title":"Better than expected or as bad as you thought? The neurocognitive development of probabilistic feedback processing","volume":"3","author":"W Van Den Bos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.06.007","article-title":"Distinct linear and non-linear trajectories of reward and punishment reversal learning during development: Relevance for dopamine\u2019s role in adolescent decision making","volume":"1","author":"ME Van Der Schaaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21475","article-title":"Life span differences in electrophysiological correlates of monitoring gains and losses during probabilistic reinforcement learning","volume":"23","author":"D H\u00e4mmerer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.024","article-title":"Go and no-go learning in reward and punishment: interactions between affect and effect","volume":"62","author":"M Guitart-Masip","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage. Elsevier Inc"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1968","article-title":"Social learning of fear","volume":"10","author":"A Olsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Decision Neuroscience","author":"S Palminteri"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027342","article-title":"Dopaminergic and prefrontal contributions to reward-based learning and outcome monitoring during child development and aging","volume":"48","author":"D H\u00e4mmerer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.018","article-title":"Computational Psychiatry","volume":"84","author":"X-J Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron. Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.022","article-title":"Model-based fMRI and its application to reward learning and decision making","volume":"1104","author":"JP O\u2019Doherty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2558","article-title":"A unique adolescent response to reward prediction errors","volume":"13","author":"JR Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr198","article-title":"Striatum-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity predicts developmental changes in reinforcement learning","volume":"22","author":"W van den Bos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex. Oxford University Press"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"2670","article-title":"Adolescents Adapt More Slowly than Adults to Varying Reward Contingencies","author":"AH Javadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.12.011","article-title":"Developing developmental cognitive neuroscience: From agenda setting to hypothesis testing","volume":"17","author":"W van den Bos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"154","article-title":"From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"V Maia T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?","volume":"9","author":"T Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3672","article-title":"Neuroscience and education: prime time to build the bridge","volume":"17","author":"M Sigman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. 1999; Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=Wechslerabbreviatedscaleofintelligence&author=Wechsler&publication_year=1999#0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=Wechslerabbreviatedscaleofintelligence&amp;author=Wechsler&amp;publication_year=1999#0<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr147","article-title":"Dopamine-dependent reinforcement of motor skill learning: evidence from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"134","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"AG Barto","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06496.x","article-title":"Efficient coding and the neural representation of value","volume":"1251","author":"K Louie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5296-08.2009","article-title":"Neural response to reward anticipation under risk is nonlinear in probabilities","volume":"29","author":"M Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.017","article-title":"Critical Roles for Anterior Insula and Dorsal Striatum in Punishment-Based Avoidance Learning","volume":"76","author":"S Palminteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5504","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6316-10.2011","article-title":"Signals in Human Striatum Are Appropriate for Policy Update Rather than Value Prediction","volume":"31","author":"J Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"463","article-title":"Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain","author":"GS Corrado","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T00:07:38Z","timestamp":1656720458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004953"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jill X","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004953","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]}}}