{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:31:51Z","timestamp":1775097111398,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502236800000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["261352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["261352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000286","name":"British Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T13:43:38Z","timestamp":1501076618000},"page":"e1005604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Adjudicating between face-coding models with individual-face fMRI responses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0933-1239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johan D.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Kriegeskorte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"From parts to identity: Invariance and sensitivity of face representations to different face halves","author":"S Anzellotti","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht046","article-title":"Decoding representations of face identity that are tolerant to rotation","volume":"24","author":"S Anzellotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117126","article-title":"Successful decoding of famous faces in the fusiform face area","volume":"10","author":"V Axelrod","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8549","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1829-12.2013","article-title":"Representations of facial identity information in the ventral visual stream investigated with multivoxel pattern analyses","volume":"33","author":"E Goesaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705654104","article-title":"Individual faces elicit distinct response patterns in human anterior temporal cortex","volume":"104","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21312","article-title":"Dissociable neural patterns of facial identity across changes in viewpoint","volume":"22","author":"VS Natu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102433108","article-title":"Unraveling the distributed neural code of facial identity through spatiotemporal pattern analysis","volume":"108","author":"A Nestor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs158","article-title":"The neural basis of visual word form processing: A multivariate investigation","volume":"23","author":"A Nestor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.001","article-title":"The neural representation of face space dimensions","volume":"51","author":"X Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia. Elsevier"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.006","article-title":"Representations of individuals in ventral temporal cortex defined by faces and biographies","volume":"51","author":"SC Verosky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia. Elsevier"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis\u2014connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01482-0","article-title":"The distributed human neural system for face perception","volume":"4","author":"J V Haxby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x","article-title":"Understanding face recognition","volume":"77","author":"V Bruce","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749108400966","article-title":"A unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race in face recognition","volume":"43A","author":"T Valentine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanz V, Vetter T. A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces. Proc 26th Annu Conf Comput Graph Interact Tech\u2014SIGGRAPH \u201899. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press; 1999; 187\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.10.000405","article-title":"Low-dimensional representation of faces in higher dimensions of the face space","volume":"10","author":"AJ O\u2019Toole","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280802536656","article-title":"Changing faces: Direction is important","volume":"18","author":"DA Ross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vis cogn"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.013","article-title":"Effects of anticaricaturing vs. caricaturing and their neural correlates elucidate a role of shape for face learning","volume":"50","author":"C Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00362-0","article-title":"Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space","volume":"42","author":"HR Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04951","article-title":"Norm-based face encoding by single neurons in the monkey inferotemporal cortex","volume":"442","author":"DA Leopold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1538","article-title":"fMRI evidence for the neural representation of faces","volume":"10","author":"G Loffler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21367","article-title":"Face-likeness and image variability drive responses in human face-selective ventral regions","volume":"33","author":"N Davidenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.009","article-title":"The amygdala and FFA track both social and non-social face dimensions","volume":"48","author":"CP Said","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06713","article-title":"Identifying natural images from human brain activity","volume":"452","author":"KN Kay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paysan P, Knothe R, Amberg B, Romdhani S, Vetter T. A 3D Face Model for Pose and Illumination Invariant Face Recognition. 2009 Sixth IEEE Int Conf Adv Video Signal Based Surveill. Ieee; 2009; 296\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2009.58"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Fixing the stimulus-as-fixed-effect fallacy in task fMRI","author":"J Westfall","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.5.2505","article-title":"Shape Representation in Area V4: Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Conformation","volume":"86","author":"A Pasupathy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2363","article-title":"A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe","volume":"12","author":"WA Freiwald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.12","article-title":"Spikes, BOLD, attention, and awareness: a comparison of electrophysiological and fMRI signals in V1","volume":"11","author":"GM Boynton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.03.054","article-title":"Neurophysiology of the BOLD fMRI signal in awake monkeys","volume":"18","author":"J Goense","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/35084005","article-title":"Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal","volume":"412","author":"NK Logothetis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07664","article-title":"Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity","volume":"457","author":"Y Sirotin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3170","article-title":"The neuroimaging signal is a linear sum of neurally distinct stimulus- and task-related components","volume":"15","author":"MMB Cardoso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11763","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0126-12.2012","article-title":"Prevalence of Selectivity for Mirror-Symmetric Views of Faces in the Ventral and Dorsal Visual Pathways","volume":"32","author":"TC Kietzmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4770-11.2012","article-title":"Hierarchical Processing of Face Viewpoint in Human Visual Cortex","volume":"32","author":"V Axelrod","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194908","article-title":"Functional compartmentalization and viewpo\u2014int generalization within the macaque face-processing system","volume":"330","author":"WA Freiwald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247948","article-title":"Object-centered encoding by face-selective neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey","volume":"75","author":"M Hasselmo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.509","article-title":"Recognition of objects and their component parts: Responses of single units in the temporal cortex of the macaque","volume":"4","author":"E Wachsmuth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239352","article-title":"Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex","volume":"47","author":"DI Perrett","year":"1982","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12155","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3156-13.2014","article-title":"The neural code for face orientation in the human fusiform face area","volume":"34","author":"FM Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9252","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1385-15.2015","article-title":"Decoding Face Exemplars from fMRI Responses: What Works, What Doesn\u2019t?","volume":"35","author":"JD Carlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.024","article-title":"Response of face-selective brain regions to trustworthiness and gender of faces","volume":"50","author":"G Mattavelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia. Elsevier"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differing effects of attention in single-units and populations are well predicted by heterogeneous tuning and the normalization model of attention","volume":"8","author":"Y Hara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Comput \u2026"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.059","article-title":"How does an fMRI voxel sample the neuronal activity pattern: Compact-kernel or complex-spatiotemporal filter?","volume":"49","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inferring brain-computational mechanisms with models of activity measurements","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fixed versus mixed RSA: Explaining visual representations by fixed and mixed feature sets from shallow and deep computational models","author":"S-M Khaligh-Razavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BiorXiv"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep Supervised, but Not Unsupervised, Models May Explain IT Cortical Representation","volume":"10","author":"S-M Khaligh-Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.023","article-title":"Visual features as stepping stones toward semantics: Explaining object similarity in IT and perception with non-negative least squares","volume":"83","author":"KM Jozwik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia. Elsevier"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Ramp coding with population averaging predicts human cortical face-space representations and perception","author":"JD Carlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BiorXiv"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"793","article-title":"Human Brain Function","author":"RNA Henson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/713755768","article-title":"The face-space typicality paradox: Understanding the face-space metaphor","volume":"3","author":"AM Burton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.051","article-title":"Confounding of norm-based and adaptation effects in brain responses","volume":"60","author":"DA Kahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage. Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.005","article-title":"de Bruijn cycles for neural decoding","volume":"56","author":"GK Aguirre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage. Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.025","article-title":"Brain morphometry with multiecho MPRAGE","volume":"40","author":"a. JW van der Kouwe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22003","article-title":"Adaptive non-local means denoising of MR images with spatially varying noise levels","volume":"31","author":"J V. Manj\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003553","article-title":"A toolbox for representational similarity analysis","volume":"10","author":"H Nili","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.051","article-title":"Comparison of multivariate classifiers and response normalizations for pattern-information fMRI","volume":"53","author":"M Misaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024068626366","article-title":"Inference for the generalization error","volume":"52","author":"C Nadeau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1089","article-title":"No Unbiased Estimator of the Variance of K-Fold Cross-Validation","volume":"5","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502236800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T13:05:17Z","timestamp":1569935117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Daunizeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005604","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/029603","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]}}}