{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T19:22:49Z","timestamp":1772479369872,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000}}],"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 NR015331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 NR015331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 NS091856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 NS091856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (US)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 DK089503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK089503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (US)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U54 EB020406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 EB020406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (US)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AG053760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG053760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["1636840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1636840"]}]},{"name":"Elsie Andresen Fiske Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T18:41:32Z","timestamp":1513622492000},"page":"e1005887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Complete hazard ranking to analyze right-censored data: An ALS survival study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhengnan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Boss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Goutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhramar","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3825-4375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivo D.","family":"Dinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanfang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"DW Hosmer Jr","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37562016000000013","article-title":"What is survival analysis, and when should I use it?","volume":"42","author":"JC Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life-tables","volume":"34","author":"DR Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-20","article-title":"Variables with time-varying effects and the Cox model: some statistical concepts illustrated with a prognostic factor study in breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"CA Bellera","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-88","article-title":"Testing the proportional hazards assumption in case-cohort analysis","volume":"13","author":"X Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"83","article-title":"Testing the proportional hazards assumption in medical survival studies\u2013application to a population-based study of acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"4","author":"C Bourdais-Mannone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Biostat"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh201","article-title":"A proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates and time-varying effects for analysis of fetal and infant death","volume":"160","author":"RW Platt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201000159","article-title":"Comparison of procedures to assess non-linear and time-varying effects in multivariable models for survival data","volume":"53","author":"A Buchholz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2016.24.38-41","article-title":"Comparing Smoothing Techniques for Fitting the Nonlinear Effect of Covariate in Cox Models","volume":"24","author":"D Roshani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Inform Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200610328","article-title":"A new proposal for multivariable modelling of time-varying effects in survival data based on fractional polynomial time-transformation","volume":"49","author":"W Sauerbrei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2004.00372.x","article-title":"On estimation and tests of time-varying effects in the proportional hazards model","volume":"31","author":"TH Scheike","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047804","article-title":"A flexible alternative to the Cox proportional hazards model for assessing the prognostic accuracy of hospice patient survival","volume":"7","author":"B Miladinovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.10.005","article-title":"Accelerated failure time models provide a useful statistical framework for aging research","volume":"44","author":"WR Swindell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1095","article-title":"A Comparison between Accelerated Failure-time and Cox Proportional Hazard Models in Analyzing the Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients","volume":"44","author":"A Zare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-4-40","article-title":"Hypertabastic survival model","volume":"4","author":"MA Tabatabai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v050.i11","article-title":"Evaluating Random Forests for Survival Analysis using Prediction Error Curves","volume":"50","author":"UB Mogensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"EL Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"130","article-title":"Application of artificial neural network-based survival analysis on two breast cancer datasets","author":"CL Chi","year":"2007","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0933-3657(00)00053-1","article-title":"Machine learning for survival analysis: a case study on recurrence of prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"B Zupan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161135","article-title":"Advanced Online Survival Analysis Tool for Predictive Modelling in Clinical Data Science","volume":"11","author":"J Montes-Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X133933","article-title":"Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework","volume":"15","author":"T Hothorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS169","article-title":"Random survival forests","volume":"2","author":"H Ishwaran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Appl Stat. The Institute of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000638","article-title":"Relative risk forests for exercise heart rate recovery as a predictor of mortality","volume":"99","author":"H Ishwaran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000951","article-title":"The PRO-ACT database: design, initial analyses, and predictive features","volume":"83","author":"N Atassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2009.04.009","article-title":"Estimating classification error rate: Repeated cross-validation, repeated hold-out and bootstrap","volume":"53","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000442444","article-title":"Population-Based Evidence that Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is Related to Weight Loss at Diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"B Marin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.05.025","article-title":"Association between nutritional status and disease severity using the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) functional rating scale in ALS patients","volume":"31","author":"Y Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.184","article-title":"The phenotypic variability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"B Swinnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550020045014","article-title":"The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. Assessment of activities of daily living in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The ALS CNTF treatment study (ACTS) phase I-II Study Group","volume":"53","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00237-2","article-title":"Performance of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) in multicenter clinical trials","volume":"152","author":"JM Cedarbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00210-5","article-title":"The ALSFRS-R: a revised ALS functional rating scale that incorporates assessments of respiratory function. BDNF ALS Study Group (Phase III)","volume":"169","author":"JM Cedarbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1837","article-title":"Accelerated clinical discovery using self-reported patient data collected online and a patient-matching algorithm","volume":"29","author":"P Wicks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160107","article-title":"Duration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is age dependent","volume":"16","author":"A Eisen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1dea3","article-title":"Study of 962 patients indicates progressive muscular atrophy is a form of ALS","volume":"73","author":"WK Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12157","article-title":"Age at onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China","volume":"129","author":"MS Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2015.11.4.376","article-title":"Prognostic Role of Serum Levels of Uric Acid in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"SI Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"CD001447","article-title":"Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\/motor neuron disease (MND)","author":"RG Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3118","article-title":"Modeling the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"C Fournier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990615)18:11<1341::AID-SIM129>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Combining mortality and longitudinal measures in clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"DM Finkelstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/4594169","article-title":"A single index of mortality and morbidity","volume":"86","author":"DF Sullivan","year":"1971","journal-title":"HSMHA Health Rep"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2519","article-title":"Joint estimation of time-dependent and non-linear effects of continuous covariates on survival","volume":"26","author":"M Abrahamowicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.12.008","article-title":"Comparing measures of model selection for penalized splines in Cox models","volume":"53","author":"EJ Malloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-016-0117-6","article-title":"Methodological challenges and analytic opportunities for modeling and interpreting Big Healthcare Data","volume":"5","author":"ID Dinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7243\/2053-7662-4-3","article-title":"Volume and Value of Big Healthcare Data","volume":"4","author":"ID Dinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Stat Inform"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)11009-5","article-title":"TM4 microarray software suite","volume":"411","author":"AI Saeed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meth Enzymol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.2144\/03342mt01","article-title":"TM4: a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis","volume":"34","author":"AI Saeed","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"ref47","author":"CE Rasmussen","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent","volume":"33","author":"J Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8","article-title":"Modeling survival data: Extending the Cox model","author":"Therneau Terry M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors","volume":"15","author":"FE Harrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320430047030","article-title":"Evaluating the yield of medical tests","volume":"247","author":"FE Harrell","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T05:59:27Z","timestamp":1589003967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David B.","family":"Searls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005887","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]}}}