{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:44:02Z","timestamp":1776404642192,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T00:03:50Z","timestamp":1522973030000},"page":"e1006023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Ten quick tips for teaching programming"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Neil C. C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-8979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greg","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.082602.133124","article-title":"Teaching of Subject Matter","volume":"55","author":"RE Mayer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Lewis C. CS Teaching Tips; 2017. http:\/\/csteachingtips.org\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Guzdial M. Top 10 Myths About Teaching Computer Science; 2015. https:\/\/cacm.acm.org\/blogs\/blog-cacm\/189498-top-10-myths-about-teaching-computer-science\/fulltext<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Patitsas E, Berlin J, Craig M, Easterbrook S. Evidence That Computer Science Grades Are Not Bimodal. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research. ICER '16. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2016. p. 113\u2013121. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/2960310.2960312<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.4.731","article-title":"Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement","volume":"91","author":"J Alvidrez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.75.5.631","article-title":"Research on the self-fulfilling prophecy and teacher expectations","volume":"75","author":"JE Brophy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60240-3","article-title":"Social perception, social stereotypes, and teacher expectations: Accuracy and the quest for the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy","volume":"28","author":"L Jussim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Peer Instruction: A User's Manual","author":"E Mazur","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter L, Bailey Lee C, Simon B, Cutts Q, Zingaro D. Experience Report: A Multi-classroom Report on the Value of Peer Instruction. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Joint Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education; 2011. p. 138\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1145\/1999747.1999788"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2492007.2492020","article-title":"Success in introductory programming: What works?","volume":"56","author":"L Porter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Reaching Students: What Research Says About Effective Instruction in Undergraduate Science and Engineering","author":"NR Council","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Rubin MJ. The Effectiveness of Live-coding to Teach Introductory Programming. In: Proceeding of the 44th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. SIGCSE '13. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2013. p. 651\u2013656. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/2445196.2445388<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker LJ, Garvin-Doxas K, Roberts E. What Can Computer Science Learn from a Fine Arts Approach to Teaching? In: Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. SIGCSE '05. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2005. p. 421\u2013425. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/1047344.1047482<\/ext-link>","DOI":"10.1145\/1047124.1047482"},{"key":"ref14","author":"DT Willingham","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1707018","article-title":"Classroom demonstrations: Learning tools or entertainment?","volume":"72","author":"C Crouch","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Physics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020113","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevSTPER.9.020113","article-title":"Role of physics lecture demonstrations in conceptual learning","volume":"9","author":"K Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Rev ST Phys Educ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.02.001","article-title":"The effectiveness of pair programming: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"JE Hannay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1145\/1145287.1145293","article-title":"Pair Programming Improves Student Retention, Confidence, and Program Quality","volume":"49","author":"C McDowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Morrison BB, Margulieux LE, Guzdial M. Subgoals, Context, and Worked Examples in Learning Computing Problem Solving. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International Conference on International Computing Education Research. ICER '15. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2015. p. 21\u201329. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/2787622.2787733<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Morrison BB, Margulieux LE, Ericson B, Guzdial M. Subgoals Help Students Solve Parsons Problems. In: Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education. SIGCSE '16. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2016. p. 42\u201347. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/2839509.2844617<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margulieux LE, Guzdial M, Catrambone R. Subgoal-labeled Instructional Material Improves Performance and Transfer in Learning to Develop Mobile Applications. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual International Conference on International Computing Education Research; 2012. p. 71\u201378.","DOI":"10.1145\/2361276.2361291"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Transfer of learning: Contemporary research and applications","author":"ML Gick","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guzdial M. Exploring hypotheses about media computation. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual International ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research. ICER '13; 2013. p. 19\u201326.","DOI":"10.1145\/2493394.2493397"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Bouvier D, Lovellette E, Matta J, Alshaigy B, Becker BA, Craig M, et al. Novice Programmers and the Problem Description Effect. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ITiCSE Working Group Reports. ITiCSE '16. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2016. p. 103\u2013118. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/3024906.3024912<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18293\/VLSS2017-010","article-title":"Moving beyond syntax: lessons from 20 years of blocks programing in AgentSheets","volume":"3","author":"A Repenning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Languages and Sentient Systems"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Parnin C, Siegmund J, Peitek N. On the Nature of Programmer Expertise. In: Psychology of Programming Interest Group Workshop 2017; 2017."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Parsons D, Haden P. Parsons Programming Puzzles: A Fun and Effective Learning Tool for First Programming Courses. In: Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Computing Education\u2014Volume 52. ACE '06. Darlinghurst, Australia, Australia: Australian Computer Society, Inc.; 2006. p. 157\u2013163. Available from: http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1151869.1151890<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Ericson B, Moore S, Morrison B, Guzdial M. Usability and Usage of Interactive Features in an Online Ebook for CS Teachers. In: Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education. WiPSCE '15. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2015. p. 111\u2013120. Available from: http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/2818314.2818335<\/ext-link>"}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T05:06:29Z","timestamp":1660799189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006023"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Ouellette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]}}}