{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:50:42Z","timestamp":1780044642839,"version":"3.53.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T18:55:05Z","timestamp":1549565705000},"page":"e1006807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Information integration in large brain networks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-8937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Toker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich T.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/584091.584093","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"5","author":"CE Shannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/14731","article-title":"Information theory and neural coding","volume":"2","author":"A Borst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1981-9-1040","article-title":"A simple coding procedure enhances a neuron\u2019s information capacity","volume":"36","author":"S Laughlin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung c"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nn831","article-title":"Efficient coding of natural sounds","volume":"5","author":"MS Lewicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00169-7","article-title":"Sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set: A strategy employed by V1?","volume":"37","author":"BA Olshausen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision research"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015259","article-title":"Synergy in a neural code","volume":"12","author":"N Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neural computation"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Theoretical neuroscience","volume":"vol. 806","author":"P Dayan","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Barlow HB. Possible principles underlying the transformations of sensory messages. 1961;."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Ay N, et al. Information geometry on complexity and stochastic interaction. 2001;."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.3390\/e17042432","article-title":"Information geometry on complexity and stochastic interaction","volume":"17","author":"N Ay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005123","article-title":"Improved measures of integrated information","volume":"12","author":"M Tegmark","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"28","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10799","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604347103","article-title":"Theories and measures of consciousness: an extended framework","volume":"103","author":"AK Seth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003588","article-title":"From the phenomenology to the mechanisms of consciousness: integrated information theory 3.0","volume":"10","author":"M Oizumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004654","article-title":"Measuring integrated information from the decoding perspective","volume":"12","author":"M Oizumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001052","article-title":"Practical measures of integrated information for time-series data","volume":"7","author":"AB Barrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"1952","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0079","article-title":"Causal density and integrated information as measures of conscious level","volume":"369","author":"AK Seth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603583113","article-title":"Unified framework for information integration based on information geometry","volume":"113","author":"M Oizumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Information geometry and its applications","volume":"vol. 194","author":"Si Amari","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000091","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000091","article-title":"Integrated information in discrete dynamical systems: motivation and theoretical framework","volume":"4","author":"D Balduzzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Toker D, Sommer F. Moving Past the Minimum Information Partition: How To Quickly and Accurately Calculate Integrated Information. arXiv preprint arXiv:160501096. 2016;."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/e20030173","article-title":"Efficient Algorithms for Searching the Minimum Information Partition in Integrated Information Theory","volume":"20","author":"J Kitazono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033634","article-title":"Modular brain networks","volume":"67","author":"O Sporns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annual review of psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688","article-title":"Normalized cuts and image segmentation","volume":"22","author":"J Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"849","article-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"AY Ng","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Aicher C, Jacobs AZ, Clauset A. Adapting the stochastic block model to edge-weighted networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:13055782. 2013;."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P10008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008","article-title":"Fast unfolding of communities in large networks","volume":"2008","author":"VD Blondel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Kitazono J, Oizumi M. phi_toolbox.zip; 2017. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/phi_toolbox_zip\/3203326\/6\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/phi_toolbox_zip\/3203326\/6<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"niw012","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niw012","article-title":"Can the macro beat the micro? Integrated information across spatiotemporal scales","volume":"2016","author":"EP Hoel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience of Consciousness"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055809","article-title":"Measuring information-transfer delays","volume":"8","author":"M Wibral","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(00)00053-8","article-title":"Connectivity and complexity: the relationship between neuroanatomy and brain dynamics","volume":"13","author":"O Sporns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neural networks"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Networks of the Brain","author":"O Sporns","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182","article-title":"Small-world brain networks","volume":"12","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2006","journal-title":"The neuroscientist"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6798","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510619112","article-title":"The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain","volume":"112","author":"MA Bertolero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01189-w","article-title":"The diverse club","volume":"8","author":"M Bertolero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21333","article-title":"A whole brain fMRI atlas generated via spatially constrained spectral clustering","volume":"33","author":"RC Craddock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.047","article-title":"Negative edges and soft thresholding in complex network analysis of resting state functional connectivity data","volume":"55","author":"AJ Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","article-title":"Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks","volume":"3","author":"S Achard","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002001","article-title":"Normalized cut group clustering of resting-state FMRI data","volume":"3","author":"M Van Den Heuvel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.010","article-title":"Small-world and scale-free organization of voxel-based resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain","volume":"43","author":"MP van den Heuvel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008220","article-title":"Resting network plasticity following brain injury","volume":"4","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.051","article-title":"Comparison of characteristics between region-and voxel-based network analyses in resting-state fMRI data","volume":"50","author":"S Hayasaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb29482.x","article-title":"Continuous chaos\u2014four prototype equations","volume":"316","author":"OE R\u00f6ssler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aydore S, Pantazis D, Leahy RM. Phase synchrony in multivariate Gaussian data with applications to cortical networks. In: Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2012 9th IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE; 2012. p. 1547\u20131550.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2012.6235868"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3687","article-title":"The log-dynamic brain: how skewed distributions affect network operations","volume":"15","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"336","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1971.10482356","article-title":"Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods","volume":"66","author":"WM Rand","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical association"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022561","article-title":"Multidimensional recording (MDR) and data sharing: an ecological open research and educational platform for neuroscience","volume":"6","author":"Y Nagasaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(92)90102-S","article-title":"Testing for nonlinearity in time series: the method of surrogate data","volume":"58","author":"J Theiler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.198701","article-title":"Efficient behavior of small-world networks","volume":"87","author":"V Latora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical review letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.149","article-title":"Communication dynamics in complex brain networks","volume":"19","author":"A Avena-Koenigsberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601602103","article-title":"Modularity and community structure in networks","volume":"103","author":"ME Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the national academy of sciences"},{"issue":"6684","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019networks","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2003-00095-5","article-title":"Economic small-world behavior in weighted networks","volume":"32","author":"V Latora","year":"2003","journal-title":"The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2307\/25470707","article-title":"Consciousness as integrated information: a provisional manifesto","volume":"215","author":"G Tononi","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Biological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)50009-8","article-title":"Consciousness, information integration, and the brain","volume":"150","author":"G Tononi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Progress in brain research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-4-31","article-title":"Measuring information integration","volume":"4","author":"G Tononi","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.02.005","article-title":"Seeing slow and seeing fast: two limits on perception","volume":"13","author":"AO Holcombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in cognitive sciences"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Microgenetic approach to the conscious mind","volume":"vol. 25","author":"T Bachmann","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finlay B, Brodsky P. Cortical Evolution as the Expression of a Program for Disproportionate Growth and the Proliferation of Areas-3.05. 2006;.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-370878-8\/00051-3"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.208103","article-title":"Partial phase synchronization for multivariate synchronizing systems","volume":"96","author":"B Schelter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physical review letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036204","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.036204","article-title":"Generic behavior of master-stability functions in coupled nonlinear dynamical systems","volume":"80","author":"L Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physical Review E"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Essentials of Nonlinear Circuit Dynamics with MATLAB<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and Laboratory Experiments","author":"A Buscarino","year":"2017"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T15:30:44Z","timestamp":1662910244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Marinazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006807","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]}}}