{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:57:27Z","timestamp":1773910647409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1586453176000},"page":"e1007698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Multiple-target tracking in human and machine vision"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3074-3396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiva","family":"Kamkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-2793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ghezloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-5883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid Abrishami","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-0335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Borji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-8342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reza","family":"Lashgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.04.018","article-title":"Bio inspired computing\u2013a review of algorithms and scope of applications","volume":"59","author":"AK Kar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2010.08.004","article-title":"A world survey of artificial brain projects, Part I: Large-scale brain simulations.","volume":"74","author":"H De Garis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2010.08.012","article-title":"A world survey of artificial brain projects, Part II: Biologically inspired cognitive architectures.","volume":"74","author":"B Goertzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1145\/1177352.1177355","article-title":"Object tracking: A survey","volume":"38","author":"A Yilmaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acm computing surveys (CSUR)."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref005","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Visual tracking: An experimental survey","volume":"36","author":"AW Smeulders","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.06.002","article-title":"Two-year-olds succeed at MIT: Multiple identity tracking in 20-and 25-month-old infants","volume":"187","author":"C Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of experimental child psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-012-9278-x","article-title":"Assessing multiple object tracking in young children using a game","volume":"61","author":"K Ryokai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1163\/156856888X00122","article-title":"Tracking multiple independent targets: Evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism.","volume":"3","author":"ZW Pylyshyn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spatial vision."},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref009","article-title":"Brain activation of semantic category-based grouping in multiple identity tracking task","volume":"12","author":"L Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref010","article-title":"The role of spatial configuration in multiple identity tracking.","volume":"9","author":"L Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145489","article-title":"Brain activation of identity switching in Multiple Identity Tracking task","volume":"10","author":"C. Lyu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.10.016","article-title":"Position tracking and identity tracking are separate systems: Evidence from eye movements.","volume":"146","author":"L Oksama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"33","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11396","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0429-12.2012","article-title":"Response properties of local field potentials and neighboring single neurons in awake primary visual cortex","volume":"32","author":"R Lashgari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu270","article-title":"Chromatic and achromatic spatial resolution of local field potentials in awake cortex","volume":"25","author":"M Jansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy221","article-title":"Cortical balance between ON and OFF visual responses is modulated by the spatial properties of the visual stimulus","volume":"29","author":"M Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu002","article-title":"Mixing of chromatic and luminance retinal signals in primate area V1","volume":"25","author":"X Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3878","article-title":"Columnar organization of spatial phase in visual cortex","volume":"18","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.2297711","article-title":"Perceptual annotation: Measuring human vision to improve computer vision","volume":"36","author":"WJ Scheirer","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.009","article-title":"Tracking multiple targets with multifocal attention.","volume":"9","author":"P Cavanagh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in cognitive sciences."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610373935","article-title":"Tracking multiple objects is limited only by object spacing, not by speed, time, or capacity","volume":"21","author":"SL Franconeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological science"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref021","first-page":"012020","article-title":"Occlusion handling in videos object tracking: A survey.","volume":"18","author":"BY Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"InIOP conference series: earth and environmental science"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2018.10.016","article-title":"Model of Multiple Identity Tracking (MOMIT) 2.0: Resolving the serial vs. parallel controversy in tracking.","volume":"182","author":"J Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.98","article-title":"Biologically inspired object tracking using center-surround saliency mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"V Mahadevan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw380","article-title":"Cortical circuit for binding object identity and location during multiple-object tracking","volume":"27","author":"L Nummenmaa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref025","first-page":"589","article-title":"The categorical distinction between targets and distractors facilitates tracking in Multiple Identity Tracking task.","volume":"7","author":"L Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology."},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042929","article-title":"Tracking moving identities: After attending the right location, the identity does not come for free.","volume":"7","author":"Y Pinto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2017.1315929","article-title":"Angry faces are tracked more easily than neutral faces during multiple identity tracking.","volume":"32","author":"J Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognition and emotion."},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref028","first-page":"1687","article-title":"The role of visual working memory in attentive tracking of unique objects","volume":"35","author":"T Makovski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mottaghi R, Chen X, Liu X, Cho NG, Lee SW, Fidler S, Urtasun R, Yuille A. The role of context for object detection and semantic segmentation in the wild. InProceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2014 (pp. 891\u2013898).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.119"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2876865","article-title":"Object detection with deep learning: A review","volume":"30","author":"ZQ Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref031","first-page":"12","article-title":"Effect of age and stereopsis on a multiple-object tracking task.","author":"M Plourde","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.08.041","article-title":"Robust depth-based object tracking from a moving binocular camera.","volume":"112","author":"L Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Signal Processing."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref033","article-title":"An intelligent object detection and measurement system based on trinocular vision","author":"Y Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193740","article-title":"Tracking unique objects.","volume":"69","author":"TS Horowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perception & psychophysics."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/vision3030037","article-title":"Eye behavior during multiple object tracking and multiple identity tracking.","volume":"3","author":"J Hy\u00f6n\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vision"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2018.1476517","article-title":"Close coupling between eye movements and serial attentional refreshing during multiple-identity tracking","volume":"30","author":"J Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-011-0089-7","article-title":"The what\u2013where trade-off in multiple-identity tracking.","volume":"73","author":"MA Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.01.005","article-title":"Oscillatory synchronization model of attention to moving objects.","volume":"29","author":"O Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural networks.May 1"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01739.x","article-title":"Distinct capacity limits for attention and working memory: Evidence from attentive tracking and visual working memory paradigms.","volume":"17","author":"D Fougnie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.01.023","article-title":"Tracking the changing features of multiple objects: Progressively poorer perceptual precision and progressively greater perceptual lag","volume":"48","author":"CJ Howard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision research"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.10.009","article-title":"Event monitoring: Can we detect more than one event at a time?","volume":"145","author":"CC Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vision research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1447-x","article-title":"Comparing eye movements during position tracking and identity tracking: No evidence for separate systems.","volume":"80","author":"CC Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-011-0715-2","article-title":"High performance memetic algorithm particle filter for multiple object tracking on modern GPUs.","volume":"16","author":"R Cabido","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Computing."},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref044","article-title":"Brain activation of identity switching in multiple identity tracking task","volume":"10","author":"C Lyu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1338-1","article-title":"Studying visual attention using the multiple object tracking paradigm: A tutorial review.","volume":"79","author":"HS Meyerhoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref046","first-page":"109","article-title":"Selecting and tracking multiple objects","volume":"6","author":"JM Scimeca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1420-8","article-title":"The semantic category-based grouping in the Multiple Identity Tracking task.","volume":"80","author":"L Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280344000158","article-title":"Object property encoding and change blindness in multiple object tracking.","volume":"10","author":"B Bahrami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Visual cognition."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/ACVMOT.2005.109","article-title":"Shared features for scalable appearance-based object recognition","volume":"1","author":"E Murphy-Chutorian","year":"2005","journal-title":"In2005 Seventh IEEE Workshops on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV\/MOTION'05)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041669518795932","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669518795932","article-title":"Chasing Animals With Split Attention: Are Animals Prioritized in Visual Tracking?","volume":"9","author":"T Hagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"i-Perception"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref051","first-page":"159","article-title":"Tracking by location and features: Object correspondence across spatiotemporal discontinuities during multiple object tracking","volume":"40","author":"F Papenmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280802211334","article-title":"Feature binding in attentive tracking of distinct objects.","volume":"17","author":"T Makovski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Visual cognition."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8135.003.0005","article-title":"What have we learned about attention from multiple object tracking (and vice versa).","volume":"31","author":"BJ Scholl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computation, cognition, and Pylyshyn."},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021818817388","article-title":"The effects of colour complexity and similarity on multiple object tracking performance","volume":"72","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1466-7","article-title":"Hue distinctiveness overrides category in determining performance in multiple object tracking.","volume":"80","author":"M Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.09.005","article-title":"Functional specialization for feature-based and symmetry-based groupings in multiple object tracking.","volume":"108","author":"C Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref057","first-page":"1625","article-title":"Automatic feature-based grouping during multiple object tracking","volume":"39","author":"G Erlikhman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2018.00054","article-title":"Early visual processing of feature saliency tasks: a review of psychophysical experiments.","volume":"12","author":"S Kamkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in systems neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2018.01235","article-title":"The grouping effect of common fate in multiple object tracking.","volume":"50","author":"HU Luming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica Sinica."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/10.4.18","article-title":"Conflicting motion information impairs multiple object tracking","volume":"10","author":"RS Clair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2005.12.001","article-title":"Is motion extrapolation employed in multiple object tracking? Tracking as a low-level, non-predictive function.","volume":"52","author":"BP Keane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive psychology."},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1068\/p3432","article-title":"Dynamics of attention in depth: Evidence from multi-element tracking.","volume":"31","author":"L Viswanathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.06.002","article-title":"3D-Multiple Object Tracking training task improves passing decision-making accuracy in soccer players.","volume":"22","author":"T Romeas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280344000518","article-title":"Some puzzling findings in multiple object tracking: I. Tracking without keeping track of object identities.","volume":"11","author":"Z Pylyshyn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Visual cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/9.5.18","article-title":"Identity processing in multiple-face tracking","volume":"9","author":"D Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043796","article-title":"Hemifield effects in multiple identity tracking.","volume":"7","author":"C Hudson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-010-0060-z","article-title":"Tracking planets and moons: Mechanisms of object tracking revealed with a new paradigm.","volume":"73","author":"M Tombu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005554","article-title":"Effect of depth information on multiple-object tracking in three dimensions: A probabilistic perspective.","volume":"13","author":"JR Cooke","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.1","article-title":"Demand-based dynamic distribution of attention and monitoring of velocities during multiple-object tracking","volume":"9","author":"L Iordanescu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of vision"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193879","article-title":"How do we track invisible objects?","volume":"13","author":"TS Horowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review."},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-014-0694-3","article-title":"Multiple-object tracking while driving: the multiple-vehicle tracking task.","volume":"76","author":"MJ Lochner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280802000752","article-title":"An eye movement analysis of multiple object tracking in a realistic environment.","volume":"16","author":"GJ Zelinsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Visual Cognition."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.12.015","article-title":"Attentional resources in visual tracking through occlusion: The high-beams effect.","volume":"107","author":"JI Flombaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.8.1275","article-title":"Neural substrates of dynamic object occlusion","volume":"19","author":"SM Shuwairi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref075","first-page":"100","article-title":"Spatiotemporal cues for tracking multiple objects through occlusion.","volume":"14","author":"SL Franconeri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Visual Cognition."},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-0891-8","article-title":"Extrapolation occurs in multiple object tracking when eye movements are controlled.","volume":"77","author":"T Luu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.2.390","article-title":"Spatial separation between targets constrains maintenance of attention on multiple objects.","volume":"15","author":"WM Shim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review."},{"issue":"14","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1167\/10.14.29","article-title":"The role of \u201crescue saccades\u201d in tracking objects through occlusions.","volume":"10","author":"GJ Zelinsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00771","article-title":"The allocation of attention and working memory in visual crowding","volume":"27","author":"F Bacigalupo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref080","article-title":"Disentangling vision and attention in multiple-object tracking: How crowding and collisions affect gaze anchoring and dual-task performance","author":"C Vater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of vision"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.2001.0755","article-title":"The spatial resolution of visual attention.","volume":"43","author":"J Intriligator","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive psychology."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-013-0437-5","article-title":"Memory-based cognitive modeling for robust object extraction and tracking.","volume":"39","author":"Y Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied intelligence."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref083","article-title":"Multiple object tracking: A literature review.","author":"W Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.7618"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5121\/ijit.2014.3304","article-title":"A survey on moving object tracking in video","volume":"3","author":"B Deori","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Information Theory (IJIT)."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2017.02.002","article-title":"A survey on player tracking in soccer videos","volume":"159","author":"M Manafifard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9582-2","article-title":"Ball tracking in sports: a survey","volume":"52","author":"PR Kamble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838120-00006","article-title":"A review of vision-based motion analysis in sport.","volume":"38","author":"S Barris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Medicine."},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-017-0897-4","article-title":"Multiple sperm tracking in microscopic videos using modified GM-PHD filter","volume":"29","author":"HD Hesar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Machine Vision and Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2004.829274","article-title":"A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors","volume":"34","author":"W Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojha S, Sakhare S. Image processing techniques for object tracking in video surveillance-A survey. In2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing (ICPC) 2015 Jan 8 (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/PERVASIVE.2015.7087180"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farazi H, Behnke S. Online visual robot tracking and identification using deep LSTM networks. In2017 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2017 Sep 24 (pp. 6118\u20136125). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206512"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/246309","article-title":"Evaluating multiple object tracking performance: the CLEAR MOT metrics.","volume":"2008","author":"K Bernardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref093","unstructured":"Smith K, Gatica-Perez D, Odobez JM, Ba S. Evaluating multi-object tracking. In2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05)-Workshops 2005 Sep 21 (pp. 36\u201336). IEEE."},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.89","article-title":"State-of-the-art in visual attention modeling","volume":"35","author":"A Borji","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref095","article-title":"Saliency prediction in the deep learning era: Successes and limitations","author":"A Borji","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470828144","volume-title":"Selective visual attention: computational models and applications","author":"L Zhang","year":"2013"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206573","article-title":"Saliency-based discriminant tracking.","author":"V Mahadevan","year":"2009","journal-title":"In2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu Q, Ouyang W, Li H, Wang X, Liu B, Yu N. Online multi-object tracking using CNN-based single object tracker with spatial-temporal attention mechanism. InProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision 2017 (pp. 4836\u20134845).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.518"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solera F, Calderara S, Cucchiara R. Learning to divide and conquer for online multi-target tracking. Inproceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision 2015 (pp. 4373\u20134381).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.497"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref100","unstructured":"Goodale MA, Milner AD. Separate visual pathways for perception and action."},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2508037.2508039","article-title":"A survey of appearance models in visual object tracking.","volume":"4","author":"X Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref102","unstructured":"Atkinson RC, Shiffrin RM. Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2017.04.003","article-title":"Real-time tracking based on weighted compressive tracking and a cognitive memory model.","volume":"139","author":"B Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Processing."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref104","first-page":"749","article-title":"Multi-store tracker (muster): A cognitive psychology inspired approach to object tracking.","author":"Z Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"InProceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalal Z, Mikolajczyk K, Matas J. Forward-backward error: Automatic detection of tracking failures. In2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition 2010 Aug 23 (pp. 2756\u20132759). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.675"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi Y, Wang Y, Xue T. Brain Memory Inspired Template Updating Modeling for Robust Moving Object Tracking Using Particle Filter. InInternational Conference on Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems 2012 Jul 11 (pp. 112\u2013119). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31561-9_12"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2016.2586194","article-title":"A biologically inspired appearance model for robust visual tracking","volume":"28","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref108","first-page":"1779","article-title":"Robust visual tracking via convolutional networks without training","volume":"25","author":"K Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4669","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2696744","article-title":"Track everything: Limiting prior knowledge in online multi-object recognition","volume":"26","author":"SC Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref110","article-title":"Online multi-target tracking using recurrent neural networks.","author":"A Milan","year":"2017","journal-title":"InThirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref111","article-title":"End-to-end active object tracking and its real-world deployment via reinforcement learning","author":"W Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caicedo JC, Lazebnik S. Active object localization with deep reinforcement learning. InProceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision 2015 (pp. 2488\u20132496).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.286"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren L, Lu J, Wang Z, Tian Q, Zhou J. Collaborative deep reinforcement learning for multi-object tracking. InProceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 2018 (pp. 586\u2013602).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01219-9_36"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref114","article-title":"Is the Human Visual System Invariant to Translation and Scale?","author":"Y Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"In2017 AAAI Spring Symposium Series"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280344000473","article-title":"Is multiple object tracking carried out automatically by an early vision mechanism independent of higher\u2010order cognition? An individual difference approach.","volume":"11","author":"L Oksama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Visual cognition."},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref116","first-page":"1664","article-title":"On the connections between saliency and tracking","author":"V Mahadevan","year":"2012","journal-title":"InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref117","unstructured":"Han M, Sethi A, Hua W, Gong Y. A detection-based multiple object tracking method. In2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP'04. 2004 Oct 24 (Vol. 5, pp. 3065\u20133068). IEEE."},{"issue":"15","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.02.017","article-title":"Real-time outdoor video surveillance with robust foreground extraction and object tracking via multi-state transition management","volume":"27","author":"B Lei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref119","first-page":"1217","article-title":"How does person identity recognition help multi-person tracking?","author":"CH Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"InCVPR"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref120","article-title":"Attention in depth: Disparity and occlusion cues facilitate multi-element visual tracking.","author":"L Viswanathan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Boston University, Center for Adaptive Systems and Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-011-0265-9","article-title":"A simple proximity heuristic allows tracking of multiple objects through occlusion.","volume":"74","author":"SL Franconeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics."},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.07.001","article-title":"Position representations lag behind targets in multiple object tracking","volume":"51","author":"CJ Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"pcbi.1007698.ref123","article-title":"MOT16: A benchmark for multi-object tracking.","author":"A Milan","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.00831"},{"issue":"21","key":"pcbi.1007698.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.08.042","article-title":"A new multiple object awareness paradigm shows that imperfect knowledge of object location is still knowledge","volume":"28","author":"CC Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Biology"}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007698","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T19:15:56Z","timestamp":1696014956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007698"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Isik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007698","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}}}