{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:19:15Z","timestamp":1776089955725,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000}}],"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Despite being the focus of a thriving field of research, the biological mechanisms that underlie information integration in the brain are not yet fully understood. A theory that has gained a lot of traction in recent years suggests that multi-scale integration is regulated by a hierarchy of mutually interacting neural oscillations. In particular, there is accumulating evidence that phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a specific form of cross-frequency interaction, plays a key role in numerous cognitive processes. Current research in the field is not only hampered by the absence of a gold standard for PAC analysis, but also by the computational costs of running exhaustive computations on large and high-dimensional electrophysiological brain signals. In addition, various signal properties and analyses parameters can lead to spurious PAC. Here, we present Tensorpac, an open-source Python toolbox dedicated to PAC analysis of neurophysiological data. The advantages of Tensorpac include (1) higher computational efficiency thanks to software design that combines tensor computations and parallel computing, (2) the implementation of all most widely used PAC methods in one package, (3) the statistical analysis of PAC measures, and (4) extended PAC visualization capabilities. Tensorpac is distributed under a BSD-3-Clause license and can be launched on any operating system (Linux, OSX and Windows). It can be installed directly via pip or downloaded from Github (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EtienneCmb\/tensorpac\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/github.com\/EtienneCmb\/tensorpac<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ). By making Tensorpac available, we aim to enhance the reproducibility and quality of PAC research, and provide open tools that will accelerate future method development in neuroscience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T15:01:43Z","timestamp":1603983703000},"page":"e1008302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Tensorpac: An open-source Python toolbox for tensor-based phase-amplitude coupling measurement in electrophysiological brain signals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-3247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Etienne","family":"Combrisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Nest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-1330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Brovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-0507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin A. A.","family":"Ince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan L. P.","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-7375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aymeric","family":"Guillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Jerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195301069.001.0001","volume-title":"Rhythms of the Brain","author":"G Buzsaki","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-011-0307-z","article-title":"Spanning the rich spectrum of the human brain: slow waves to gamma and beyond","volume":"216","author":"SS Dalal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2912","article-title":"Ten years of Nature Reviews Neuroscience: insights from the highly cited","volume":"11","author":"L Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20930","article-title":"Brain responses to success and failure: direct recordings from human cerebral cortex","volume":"31","author":"J Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.09.021","article-title":"Spontaneous brain oscillations as neural fingerprints of working memory capacities: A resting-state MEG study","volume":"97","author":"V Oswald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602007000500004","article-title":"BrainTV a novel approach for online mapping of human brain functions","volume":"40","author":"JP Lachaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.05.003","article-title":"Cross-frequency coupling between neuronal oscillations","volume":"11","author":"O Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4122-11.2012","article-title":"Cross-Frequency Phase-Phase Coupling between Theta and Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus","volume":"32","author":"MA Belluscio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3688-08.2009","article-title":"Nonlinear phase\u2013phase cross-frequency coupling mediates communication between distant sites in human neocortex","volume":"29","author":"F Darvas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00191","article-title":"Shifts in gamma phase\u2013amplitude coupling frequency from theta to alpha over posterior cortex during visual tasks","volume":"4","author":"B Voytek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0260","article-title":"Another neural code?","volume":"5","author":"KJ Friston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"15","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911184107","article-title":"Bidirectional changes to hippocampal theta-gamma comodulation predict memory for recent spatial episodes","volume":"107","author":"PR Shirvalkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"50","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21341","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908193106","article-title":"Phase-dependent neuronal coding of objects in short-term memory","volume":"106","author":"M Siegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.21020","article-title":"Oscillatory activity and phase\u2013amplitude coupling in the human medial frontal cortex during decision making","volume":"21","author":"MX Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001936","article-title":"Dynamic changes in phase-amplitude coupling facilitate spatial attention control in fronto-parietal cortex","volume":"12","author":"SM Szczepanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911531107","article-title":"Cross-frequency coupling supports multi-item working memory in the human hippocampus","volume":"107","author":"N Axmacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2979","article-title":"The role of phase synchronization in memory processes","volume":"12","author":"J Fell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature reviews neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu232","article-title":"Slow-theta-to-gamma phase\u2013amplitude coupling in human hippocampus supports the formation of new episodic memories","volume":"26","author":"B Lega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.007","article-title":"The theta-gamma neural code","volume":"77","author":"JE Lisman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.029","article-title":"Spatially distributed patterns of oscillatory coupling between high-frequency amplitudes and low-frequency phases in human iEEG","volume":"54","author":"E Maris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"49","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911331106","article-title":"Theta\u2013gamma coupling increases during the learning of item\u2013context associations","volume":"106","author":"ABL Tort","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4816-11.2012","article-title":"Phase\u2013amplitude coupling in human electrocorticography is spatially distributed and phase diverse","volume":"32","author":"R van der Meij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.042","article-title":"From intentions to actions: Neural oscillations encode motor processes through phase, amplitude and phase-amplitude coupling","volume":"147","author":"E Combrisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2130-16.2016","article-title":"Phase-amplitude coupling and long-range phase synchronization reveal frontotemporal interactions during visual working memory","volume":"37","author":"J Daume","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"50","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19635","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2586-13.2013","article-title":"Cholinergic blockade reduces theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling and speed modulation of theta frequency consistent with behavioral effects on encoding","volume":"33","author":"EL Newman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto JL, Jerbi K. Investigation of cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in visuomotor networks using magnetoencephalography. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE. IEEE; 2012. p. 1550\u20131553. Available from: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpls\/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6346238.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346238"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5007-13.2014","article-title":"Corticostriatal coordination through coherent phase-amplitude coupling","volume":"34","author":"C von Nicolai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07886","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.07886","article-title":"Phase-amplitude coupling supports phase coding in human ECoG","volume":"4","author":"AJ Watrous","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"44","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15467","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2929-12.2012","article-title":"Regulation of Motor Representation by Phase-Amplitude Coupling in the Sensorimotor Cortex","volume":"32","author":"T Yanagisawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3997","article-title":"Therapeutic deep brain stimulation reduces cortical phase-amplitude coupling in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"C De Hemptinne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref031","article-title":"Exaggerated phase amplitude coupling in the primary motor cortex in Parkinson disease","author":"Cd De Hemptinne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.016","article-title":"Hierarchical organization of gamma and theta oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia","volume":"71","author":"K Kirihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5459-09.2010","article-title":"Coupling between beta and high-frequency activity in the human subthalamic nucleus may be a pathophysiological mechanism in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"J L\u00f3pez-Azc\u00e1rate","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr056","article-title":"High vs low frequency neural oscillations in schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"LV Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.08.014","article-title":"A critical note on the definition of phase\u2013amplitude cross-frequency coupling","volume":"201","author":"TE \u00d6zkurt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience methods"},{"issue":"17","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7220","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4676-12.2013","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus neurons are synchronized to primary motor cortex local field potentials in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"SA Shimamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.01.015","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus phase\u2013amplitude coupling correlates with motor impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"127","author":"BC van Wijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.001","article-title":"The functional role of cross-frequency coupling","volume":"14","author":"RT Canolty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in cognitive sciences"},{"issue":"1626","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref039","first-page":"313","article-title":"High Gamma Power Is Phase-Locked to Theta","volume":"1128115","author":"RT Canolty","year":"2006","journal-title":"science"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.01.002","article-title":"Toward a proper estimation of phase amplitude coupling in neural oscillations","volume":"225","author":"D Dvorak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005893","article-title":"Non-linear auto-regressive models for cross-frequency coupling in neural time series","volume":"13","author":"TD La Tour","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00263.2005","article-title":"An Oscillatory Hierarchy Controlling Neuronal Excitability and Stimulus Processing in the Auditory Cortex","volume":"94","author":"P Lakatos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.034","article-title":"Measuring transient phase-amplitude coupling using local mutual information","volume":"185","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Cancino","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.04.019","article-title":"A novel cross-frequency coupling detection method using the generalized Morse wavelets","volume":"269","author":"A Nakhnikian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.06.035","article-title":"Testing for nested oscillation","volume":"174","author":"WD Penny","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00106.2010","article-title":"Measuring Phase-Amplitude Coupling Between Neuronal Oscillations of Different Frequencies","volume":"104","author":"ABL Tort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.023","article-title":"A method for event-related phase\/amplitude coupling","volume":"64","author":"B Voytek","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.08.002","article-title":"Untangling cross-frequency coupling in neuroscience","volume":"31","author":"J Aru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref049","first-page":"392886","article-title":"Estimation of narrowband amplitude and phase from electrophysiology signals for phase-amplitude coupling studies: a comparison of methods","author":"JLP Soto","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0334-16.2016","article-title":"Discriminating valid from spurious indices of phase-amplitude coupling","volume":"3","author":"O Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"issue":"18","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4830","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2208-16.2017","article-title":"Nonsinusoidal beta oscillations reflect cortical pathophysiology in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"SR Cole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.01.020","article-title":"Sharp edge artifacts and spurious coupling in EEG frequency comodulation measures","volume":"170","author":"MA Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"R Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716","article-title":"Brainstorm: a user-friendly application for MEG\/EEG analysis","volume":"2011","author":"F Tadel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"A Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00267","article-title":"MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-Python","volume":"7","author":"A Gramfort","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in neuroscience"},{"issue":"48","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18849","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2455-13.2013","article-title":"Propagating Neocortical Gamma Bursts Are Coordinated by Traveling Alpha Waves","volume":"33","author":"A Bahramisharif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"13","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04240.1996","article-title":"Stimulus specificity of phase-locked and non-phase-locked 40 Hz visual responses in human","volume":"16","author":"C Tallon-Baudry","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2194783","article-title":"Statistically Reliable and Fast Direct Estimation of Phase-Amplitude Cross-Frequency Coupling","volume":"59","author":"TE Ozkurt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on"},{"issue":"4","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<194::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals","volume":"8","author":"JP Lachaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611","volume-title":"Elements of information theory","author":"TM Cover","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23471","article-title":"A statistical framework for neuroimaging data analysis based on mutual information estimated via a gaussian copula: Gaussian Copula Mutual Information","volume":"38","author":"RAA Ince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199601000-00002","article-title":"Nonparametric analysis of statistic images from functional mapping experiments","volume":"16","author":"AP Holmes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058","article-title":"Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: a primer with examples","volume":"15","author":"TE Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref065","volume-title":"Biostatistical analysis","author":"JH Zar","year":"1999"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.051","article-title":"Time-resolved phase-amplitude coupling in neural oscillations","volume":"159","author":"S Samiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref067","article-title":"Understanding phase-amplitude coupling from bispectral analysis","author":"CS Zandvoort","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00021-9","article-title":"Testing the null of stationarity for multiple time series","volume":"88","author":"I Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seabold S, Perktold J. Statsmodels: Econometric and statistical modeling with python. In: 9th Python in Science Conference; 2010.","DOI":"10.25080\/Majora-92bf1922-011"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2016.00087","article-title":"Neuronal oscillations with non-sinusoidal morphology produce spurious phase-to-amplitude coupling and directionality","volume":"10","author":"D Lozano-Soldevilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in computational neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167351","article-title":"Non-sinusoidal activity can produce cross-frequency coupling in cortical signals in the absence of functional interaction between neural sources","volume":"11","author":"EM Gerber","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.008","article-title":"Brain oscillations and the importance of waveform shape","volume":"21","author":"SR Cole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in cognitive sciences"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.02.033","article-title":"The bispectrum and its relationship to phase-amplitude coupling","volume":"173","author":"CK Kovach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7825","key":"pcbi.1008302.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","article-title":"Array programming with NumPy","volume":"585","author":"CR Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref075","unstructured":"Jones E, Oliphant T, Peterson P, others. SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python; 2001. Available from: http:\/\/www.scipy.org\/."},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"pandas: a foundational Python library for data analysis and statistics","author":"W McKinney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Python for High Performance and Scientific Computing"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00060","article-title":"Sleep: An Open-Source Python Software for Visualization, Analysis, and Staging of Sleep Data","volume":"11","author":"E Combrisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00014","article-title":"Visbrain: A Multi-Purpose GPU-Accelerated Open-Source Suite for Multimodal Brain Data Visualization","volume":"13","author":"E Combrisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"pcbi.1008302.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117020","article-title":"NeuroPycon: An open-source Python toolbox for fast multi-modal and reproducible brain connectivity pipelines","author":"D Meunier","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Computational Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1696962639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dina","family":"Schneidman-Duhovny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.17.045997","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]}}}