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We developed a computational model of the U.S. simulating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential clinical and economic impact of reducing the infectious period duration. Simulation experiments found that reducing the average infectious period duration could avert a median of 442,852 [treating 25% of symptomatic cases, reducing by 0.5 days, reproductive number (R<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) 3.5, and starting treatment when 15% of the population has been exposed] to 44.4 million SARS-CoV-2 cases (treating 75% of all infected cases, reducing by 3.5 days, R<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> 2.0). With R<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> 2.5, reducing the average infectious period duration by 0.5 days for 25% of symptomatic cases averted 1.4 million cases and 99,398 hospitalizations; increasing to 75% of symptomatic cases averted 2.8 million cases. At $500\/person, treating 25% of symptomatic cases saved $209.5 billion (societal perspective). Further reducing the average infectious period duration by 3.5 days averted 7.4 million cases (treating 25% of symptomatic cases). Expanding treatment to 75% of all infected cases, including asymptomatic infections (R<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> 2.5), averted 35.9 million cases and 4 million hospitalizations, saving $48.8 billion (societal perspective and starting treatment after 5% of the population has been exposed). Our study quantifies the potential effects of reducing the SARS-CoV-2 infectious period duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T18:32:33Z","timestamp":1610044353000},"page":"e1008470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-8651","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruce Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-4717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marie 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