{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:19:06Z","timestamp":1767179946952,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008641","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Learning transfer (i.e. accelerated learning over a series of structurally related learning tasks) differentiates species and age-groups, but the evolutionary and developmental implications of such differences are unclear. To this end, the\n                    <jats:italic>relational schema induction<\/jats:italic>\n                    paradigm employing tasks that share algebraic (group-like) structures was introduced to contrast stimulus-independent (relational) versus stimulus-dependent (associative) learning processes. However, a theory explaining this kind of relational learning transfer has not been forthcoming beyond a general appeal to some form of structure-mapping, as typically assumed in models of analogy. In this paper, we provide a theory of relational schema induction as a \u201creconstruction\u201d process: the algebraic structure underlying transfer is reconstructed by comparing stimulus relations, learned within each task, for structural consistency across tasks\u2014formally, the theory derives from a category theory version of\n                    <jats:italic>Tannakian reconstruction<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The theory also applies to non-human studies of relational concepts, thereby placing human and non-human transfer on common ground for sharper comparison and contrast. As the theory and paradigm do not depend on linguistic ability, we also have a way for pinpointing where aspects of human learning diverge from other species without begging the question of language.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1611668919000},"page":"e1008641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A reconstruction theory of relational schema induction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-0670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1037\/h0062474","article-title":"The formation of learning sets","volume":"42","author":"HF Harlow","year":"1949","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"4189","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1126\/science.188.4189.699","article-title":"The comparative analysis of learning","volume":"188","author":"ME Bitterman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1008641.ref003","volume-title":"Levels of cognitive development","author":"TS Kendler","year":"1995"},{"key":"pcbi.1008641.ref004","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Behavior of nonhuman primates","author":"JM Warren","year":"1965"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09000855","article-title":"The propositional nature of human associative learning","volume":"32","author":"CJ Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.363","article-title":"Assessment of the Rescorla-Wagner model","volume":"117","author":"RR Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X08003543","article-title":"Darwin\u2019s mistake: explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds","volume":"31","author":"DC Penn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X98001769","article-title":"Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: Implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology","volume":"21","author":"GS Halford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1998.0679","article-title":"Induction of relational schemas: Common processes in reasoning and complex learning","volume":"35","author":"GS Halford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref010","first-page":"586","article-title":"Acquisition of structured knowledge without instruction: the relational schema induction paradigm","volume":"33","author":"GS Halford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0702_3","article-title":"Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy","volume":"7","author":"D Gentner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pcbi.1008641.ref012","first-page":"266","article-title":"Computational models of analogy","volume":"2","author":"D Gentner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science"},{"key":"pcbi.1008641.ref013","unstructured":"NLab. 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