{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:14:05Z","timestamp":1772172845635,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008763","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000}}],"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2017-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2017-370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2017-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2017-370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001215","name":"La Trobe University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interventions and outcomes in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are highly varied. The disease and the interventions both impose costs and harm on society. Some interventions with particularly high costs may only be implemented briefly. The design of optimal policy requires consideration of many intervention scenarios. In this paper we investigate the optimal timing of interventions that are not sustainable for a long period. Specifically, we look at at the impact of a single short-term non-repeated intervention (a \u201cone-shot intervention\u201d) on an epidemic and consider the impact of the intervention\u2019s timing. To minimize the total number infected, the intervention should start close to the peak so that there is minimal rebound once the intervention is stopped. To minimise the peak prevalence, it should start earlier, leading to initial reduction and then having a rebound to the same prevalence as the pre-intervention peak rather than one very large peak. To delay infections as much as possible (as might be appropriate if we expect improved interventions or treatments to be developed), earlier interventions have clear benefit. In populations with distinct subgroups, synchronized interventions are less effective than targeting the interventions in each subcommunity separately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T14:06:10Z","timestamp":1616076370000},"page":"e1008763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Optimal timing of one-shot interventions for epidemic control"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Lauro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-6644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Istv\u00e1n Z.","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4426-0405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joel C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"pcbi.1008763.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611071104","article-title":"The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in US cities","volume":"104","author":"MC Bootsma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"pcbi.1008763.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002884","article-title":"The influence of school holiday timing on epidemic impact","volume":"142","author":"K Eames","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"issue":"6492","key":"pcbi.1008763.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5659","article-title":"Modeling infectious disease dynamics","volume":"368","author":"S Cobey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pcbi.1008763.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001076","article-title":"Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza A: balancing conflicting policy objectives","volume":"7","author":"TD Hollingsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"issue":"10228","key":"pcbi.1008763.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30567-5","article-title":"How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?","volume":"395","author":"RM Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pcbi.1008763.ref006","article-title":"Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study","author":"AJ Kucharski","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases"},{"key":"pcbi.1008763.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You C, Deng Y, Hu W, Sun J, Lin Q, Zhou F, et al. 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