{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:13:49Z","timestamp":1774638829060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US Department of Energy","award":["contract 89233218CNA000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract 89233218CNA000001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-OD011095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-OD011095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI028433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI028433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01-AI131365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-AI131365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI29745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI29745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ploscompbiol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Comput Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treating macaques with an anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody under the umbrella of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during early SIV infection can lead to viral remission, with viral loads maintained at &lt; 50 SIV RNA copies\/ml after removal of all treatment in a subset of animals. Depletion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>lymphocytes in controllers resulted in transient recrudescence of viremia, suggesting that the combination of cART and anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody treatment led to a state where ongoing immune responses kept the virus undetectable in the absence of treatment. A previous mathematical model of HIV infection and cART incorporates immune effector cell responses and exhibits the property of two different viral load set-points. While the lower set-point could correspond to the attainment of long-term viral remission, attaining the higher set-point may be the result of viral rebound. Here we expand that model to include possible mechanisms of action of an anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody operating in these treated animals. We show that the model can fit the longitudinal viral load data from both IgG control and anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody treated macaques, suggesting explanations for the viral control associated with cART and an anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody treatment. This effective perturbation to the virus-host interaction can also explain observations in other nonhuman primate experiments in which cART and immunotherapy have led to post-treatment control or resetting of the viral load set-point. Interestingly, because the viral kinetics in the various treated animals differed\u2014some animals exhibited large fluctuations in viral load after cART cessation\u2014the model suggests that anti-\u03b14\u03b27 treatment could act by different primary mechanisms in different animals and still lead to post-treatment viral control. This outcome is nonetheless in accordance with a model with two stable viral load set-points, in which therapy can perturb the system from one set-point to a lower one through different biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T17:36:09Z","timestamp":1623260169000},"page":"e1009031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mechanistic basis of post-treatment control of SIV after anti-\u03b14\u03b27 antibody therapy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-8350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chad 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